M-DCs are conditioned by human intestinal SCs. (A) ALDH1A2 mRNA expression and (B) ALDH activity by M-DCs conditioned by normal SCs or Crohn’s SCs (n = 3–5 and n = 5–8, respectively). (C) RDH10 mRNA expression, DHRS3 mRNA expression, and DHRS3:RDH10 mRNA ratio in M-DCs conditioned by normal SCs or Crohn’s SCs (values normalized to one for DHRS3:RDH10 ratio in M-DCs cultured without SCs) (n = 6). (Mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). ALDH = aldehyde dehydrogenase; FITC = fluorescein isothiocyanate; GADPH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; M-DC = monocyte-derived dendritic cell; mRNA = messenger ribonucleic acid; SC = stromal cell; SEM = standard error of the mean.