Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Diagnosis and Uptake Cohorts.
| Characteristic | Diagnosis | Uptake |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline demographics a | ||
| Number of subjects | 815 | 1391 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 43.07% (351/815) | 48.89% (680/1391) |
| Male | 56.93% (464/815) | 51.11% (711/1391) |
| Age at diagnosis | ||
| Age (y) | 10.69 (4.24) | 9.07 (4.02) |
| Age group | ||
| Young (<8.0 y) | 25.77% (210/815) | 40.55% (564/1391) |
| School age (8.0-13.9 y) | 51.78% (422/815) | 47.45% (660/1391) |
| Adolescent (14.0-19.9 y) | 21.72% (177/815) | 11.79% (164/1391) |
| Young adult (20-25 y) | 0.74% (6/815) | 0.22% (3/1391) |
| Primary language | ||
| English | 93.99% (766/815) | 94.03% (1308/1391) |
| Spanish | 3.44% (28/815) | 1.65% (23/1391) |
| Other | 0% (0/815) | 1.65% (23/1391) |
| Insurance type | ||
| Private | 76.07% (620/815) | 83.61% (1163/1391) |
| Public | 23.93% (195/815) | 16.39% (228/1391) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 70.67% (576/815) | 80.66% (1122/1391) |
| Black | 5.52% (45/815) | 3.02% (42/1391) |
| Hispanic | 8.71% (71/815) | 5.82% (81/1391) |
| Other | 7.24% (59/815) | 5.46% (76/1391) |
| Unknown b | 7.85% (64/815) | 5.03% (70/1391) |
| Insurance + Race/ethnicity (binary) | ||
| Private + white | 59.88% (488/815) | 72.25% (1005/1391) |
| Private + Diverse c | 5.28% (43/815) | 3.59% (50/1391) |
| Public + white | 10.8% (88/815) | 8.41% (117/1391) |
| Public + Diverse c | 8.96% (73/815) | 5.25% (73/1391) |
| Year of diagnosis | ||
| 1990-2010 | 0% (0/815) | 27.46% (382/1391) |
| 2010-2015 | 0% (0/815) | 33.21% (462/1391) |
| 2016-2020 | 100% (815/815) | 39.32% (547/1391) |
| HbA1c at diagnosis (%) | 11.55 (2.13) | 11.14 (2.25) |
| Diagnosis cohort data | ||
| DKA at diagnosis | ||
| No | 60.61% (494/815) | |
| Yes | 38.16% (311/815) | |
| Family structure | ||
| Two parents, one house | 71.41% (582/815) | |
| Two parents, two houses | 12.76% (104/815) | |
| One parent, one house | 7.36% (60/815) | |
| Non-parent primary caregiver | 1.96% (16/815) | |
| Other | 0.86% (7/815) | |
| Unspecified d | 5.64% (46/815) | |
| Uptake cohort data | ||
| Age at uptake | ||
| Age (y) | 13.73 (5.03) | |
| Age group | ||
| Young (<8.0 y) | 13.37% (186/1391) | |
| School age (8.0-13.9 y) | 38.96% (542/1391) | |
| Adolescent (14.0-19.9 y) | 36.38% (506/1391) | |
| Young adult (20-25 y) | 11.29% (157/1391) | |
| Time from diagnosis to uptake (y) | 3.12 [0.44, 7.7] | |
| Year of uptake | ||
| 2015 | 4.39% (61/1391) | |
| 2016 | 12.87% (179/1391) | |
| 2017 | 20.27% (282/1391) | |
| 2018 | 27.89% (388/1391) | |
| 2019 | 30.84% (429/1391) | |
| 2020 | 3.74% (52/1391) | |
| HbA1c at uptake | ||
| % | 8.49 (1.67) | |
| Category e | ||
| Below target | 16.03% (223/1391) | |
| Above target | 79.65% (1108/1391) | |
| CGM device type | ||
| Mobile user | 77.93% (1084/1391) | |
| Non-mobile user | 19.84% (276/1391) | |
Abbreviations: HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; CGM, continuous glucose monitor.
Continuous variables are summarized as mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range] as appropriate based on underlying distribution. Categorical variables are summarized as % within category.
“Unknown” designates that the field was completed but designed as “Unknown” (in contrast from missing data [aka incomplete] fields).
“Diverse” refers to a combined group of “Hispanic” and “black” subjects.
“Unspecified” designates that the chart was reviewed for the categorical data but data were not present in the available documentation.
HbA1c less than or equal to 7% was defined as below target.