Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics of the study cohort
| N = 213 | |
|---|---|
| Demographic | |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 73.0 (69.0–79.0) |
| Female, n (%) | 96 (45.1%) |
| Education, years, median (IQR) | 10.0 (10.0–15.0) |
| Vascular risk factors | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 141 (66.2%) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 31 (14.6%) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 116 (54.5%) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 136 (63.8%) |
| Clinical diagnosis | |
| Vascular dementia, n (%) | 4 (1.9%) |
| Vascular parkinsonism, n (%) | 9 (4.2%) |
| Neuropsychological and gait assessment | |
| MMSE, median (IQR) | 29 (27–30) |
| Processing speeda, median (IQR) | 0.2 (−0.5–0.7) |
| Executive functiona, median (IQR) | 0.1 (−0.4–0.6) |
| Memorya, median (IQR) | 0.0 (−0.7–0.6) |
| AES-score, median (IQR) | 31.0 (26–35) |
| Apathyb, n (%) | 65 (30.5%) |
| Modified CESD score, 18-item, median (IQR) | 5.0 (1.0–11.0) |
| CESD score, 20-item, median (IQR) | 7.0 (2.0–12.0) |
| Depressionc, n (%) | 31 (14.6%) |
| TUG-time, seconds, median (IQR) | 10.2 (9.3–13.1) |
| TUG-step, median (IQR) | 13.7 (12.3–15.0) |
| SVD markers | |
| WMH volumes, ml, median (IQR) | 4.3(1.8–12.1) |
| Normalized WMH, %, median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) |
| Lacunes, n (%) | 58 (27.2%) |
| CMBs, n (%) | 77 (36.2%) |
| Brain volume, ml, mean (SD) | 1084.1 (116.8) |
Modified Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CSED) score = original 20-item CESD excluding two items related to motivation. AES = Apathy Evaluation Scale; CMBs = cerebral microbleeds; IQR = interquartile range; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; SD = standard deviation; SVD = small vessel disease; TUG = Timed Up and Go test; WMH = white matter hyperintensities.
aScores were reported as z-score.
bParticipants with an AES score ≥34 considered as having apathy.
cParticipants with a 20-item CESD ≥16 considered as having depression.