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. 2024 Sep 16;115(11):3718–3728. doi: 10.1111/cas.16341

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© 2024 The Author(s). Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Kaplan–Meier survival analyses with the change in the ACA‐positive EVs in PDAC sera (A) Comparison of the overall survival (OS) between Groups 1 and 2. (B) Comparison of the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) between Groups 1 and 2. (C, D) Kaplan–Meier survival analyses with the change in CA19‐9 levels in PDAC sera. (C) Comparison of the OS between Groups 1 and 2. (D) Comparison of the RFS between Group 1 and 2. Survival curves and P values were calculated using the log‐rank test. ACA, Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin; CA19‐9, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9; EV, extracellular vesicle; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.