TABLE 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients in the two groups.
| Parameter | Total (n = 44) | Group 1 (n = 27) | Group 2 (n = 17) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender, n (%) | 28 (63) | 19 (70) | 9 (53) | 0.088 |
| Age, years (median (range)) | 72 (49–94) | 72 (49–82) | 72 (55–94) | 0.453 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 18 (41) | 11 (41) | 7 (41) | 0.956 |
| Procedure, n (PD/DP/TP) | 25/16/3 | 15/10/2 | 10/6/1 | 0.238 |
| Neoadjuvant treatment, n (%) | 14 (32) | 10 (37) | 4 (24) | 0.055 |
| Resection status, n (%) | 24 (55) | 15 (56) | 9 (53) | 0.931 |
| Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 33 (75) | 20 (74) | 13 (76) | 0.726 |
| Stage, n (IA/IB/IIA/IIB/III/IV) | 1/0/9/32/2/0 | 1/0/5/19/2/0 | 0/0/4/13/0/0 | 0.523 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | 38 (86) | 24 (89) | 14 (82) | 0.538 |
| First recurrence region, n (liver/lung/peritoneal/local/others) | 6/5/7/7/6 | 4/2/6/3/6 | 2/3/1/4/0 | 0.381 |
| Hospital stay, days (median (range)) | 22 (13–92) | 21 (13–39) | 24 (13–92) | 0.204 |
| Morbidity (Clavien–Dindo ≧grade3), n (%) | 12 (27) | 7 (26) | 5 (29) | 0.630 |
| Preoperative CA19‐9 >100 | 18 (41) | 9 (33) | 9 (53) | 0.198 |
| Postoperative CA19‐9 >100 | 3 (7) | 1 (4) | 2 (12) | 0.556 |
| Change ratio of ACA‐positive EVs | 1.11 | 1.55 | 0.68 | 0.013 |
Abbreviations: ACA, Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin; CA19‐9, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9; DP, distal pancreatectomy; EV, extracellular vesicle; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy; TP, total pancreatectomy.