Table 2.
Bivariate associations with being willing to distribute naloxone to PWUD.
|
Willingness to Distribute Naloxone to PWUD |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Full sample (n=227) |
PWUD (n=47) |
|||||
| Yes n=142; 62.6 % |
No n=85; 37.4 % |
p | Yes n=34; 61.8 % |
No n=21; 38.2 % |
p | |
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Age, M (SD) | 42.5 (12.9) | 46.1 (15.1) | 0.118 | 41.2 (11.2) | 40.9 (14.0) | 0.912 |
| Gender | 0.149a | 0.807a | ||||
| Men | 50 (54.9 %) | 41 (45.1 %) | 14 (56.0 %) | 11 (44.0 %) | ||
| Women | 88 (67.7 %) | 42 (32.3 %) | 18 (66.7 %) | 9 (33.3 %) | ||
| Other | 4 (66.7 %) | 2 (33.3 %) | 2 (66.7 %) | 1 (33.3 %) | ||
| Sexual Minority Status | 0.209a | 0.725a | ||||
| No | 124 (61.4 %) | 78 (38.6 %) | 27 (60.0 %) | 18 (40.0 %) | ||
| Yes | 18 (72.0 %) | 7 (28.0 %) | 7 (70.0 %) | 3 (30.0 %) | ||
| Education | 0.314a | 0.074a | ||||
| Less than High School | 19 (67.9 %) | 9 (32.1 %) | 3 (33.3 %) | 6 (66.7 %) | ||
| High School Equivalent | 52 (56.5 %) | 40 (43.5 %) | 10 (55.6 %) | 8 (44.4 %) | ||
| Some College or More | 71 (66.4 %) | 36 (33.6 %) | 21 (75.0 %) | 7 (25.0 %) | ||
| Self-Identified Homelessness | 0.144a | 0.287 | ||||
| No | 127 (61.1 %) | 81 (38.9 %) | 26 (57.8 %) | 19 (42.2 %) | ||
| Yes | 15 (78.9 %) | 4 (21.1 %) | 8 (80.0 %) | 2 (20.0 %) | ||
| Health Insurance | 0.631a | 0.287a | ||||
| No | 13 (68.4 %) | 6 (31.6 %) | 8 (80.0 %) | 2 (20.0 %) | ||
| Yes | 129 (62.0 %) | 79 (38.0 %) | 26 (57.8 %) | 19 (42.2 %) | ||
| Relationship Status | 0.197 | 0.139a | ||||
| In a Relationship | 71 (67.0 %) | 35 (33.0 %) | 14 (77.8 %) | 4 (22.2 %) | ||
| Single | 71 (58.7 %) | 50 (41.3 %) | 20 (54.1 %) | 17 (45.9 %) | ||
| Employment | 0.699 | 0.445a | ||||
| Not working | 44 (66.7 %) | 22 (33.3 %) | 11 (73.3 %) | 4 (26.7 %) | ||
| Full time | 73 (61.3 %) | 46 (38.7 %) | 12 (63.2 %) | 7 (36.8 %) | ||
| Less than full time | 25 (59.5 %) | 17 (40.5 %) | 11 (52.4 %) | 10 (47.6 %) | ||
| Any Hunger in the Past 6 months | 0.685 | 0.781a | ||||
| No | 100 (61.7 %) | 62 (38.3 %) | 14 (58.3 %) | 10 (41.7 %) | ||
| Yes | 42 (64.6 %) | 23 (35.4 %) | 20 (64.5 %) | 11 (35.5 %) | ||
| Witnessed Overdoses (past 6 months) | ||||||
| Witnessed Any Non-Fatal Overdoses# | 0.182a | 0.746a | ||||
| No | 116 (60.7 %) | 75 (39.3 %) | 25 (61.0 %) | 16 (39.0 %) | ||
| Yes | 26 (74.3 %) | 9 (25.7 %) | 9 (69.2 %) | 4 (30.8 %) | ||
| Witnessed Any Fatal Overdoses# | 0.381a | 1.000a | ||||
| No | 132 (62.0 %) | 81 (38.0 %) | 30 (62.5 %) | 18 (37.5 %) | ||
| Yes | 10 (76.9 %) | 3 (23.1 %) | 4 (66.7 %) | 2 (33.3 %) | ||
| Indigenous Values | ||||||
| Importance of Indigenous Spirituality | 0.097a | 0.408a | ||||
| Not at all/Not too Important | 9 (45.0 %) | 11 (55.0 %) | 3 (42.9 %) | 4 (57.1 %) | ||
| Somewhat/Very Important | 133 (64.3 %) | 74 (35.7 %) | 31 (64.6 %) | 17 (35.4 %) | ||
| Cultural Identity Scale Score, M (SD)# | 18.2 (3.3) | 18.1 (3.3) | 0.846b | 18.1 (3.3) | 17.6 (3.8) | 0.802b |
| Drug Use Characteristics and Stigma | ||||||
| Smoked Drugs | 0.776a | |||||
| No | -- | -- | 20 (58.8 %) | 14 (41.2 %) | ||
| Yes | -- | -- | 14 (66.7 %) | 7 (33.3 %) | ||
| Snorted Drugs | 0.589a | |||||
| No | -- | -- | 15 (57.7 %) | 11 (42.3 %) | ||
| Yes | -- | -- | 19 (65.5 %) | 10 (34.5 %) | ||
| Swallowed Drugs | 1.000a | |||||
| No | -- | -- | 12 (63.2 %) | 7 (36.8 %) | ||
| Yes | -- | -- | 22 (61.1 %) | 14 (38.9 %) | ||
| Injected Drugs | 0.755a | |||||
| No | -- | -- | 26 (63.4 %) | 15 (36.6 %) | ||
| Yes | -- | -- | 8 (57.1 %) | 6 (42.9 %) | ||
| Any Opioids | 0.788a | |||||
| No | -- | -- | 18 (60.0 %) | 12 (40.0 %) | ||
| Yes | -- | -- | 16 (64.0 %) | 9 (36.0 %) | ||
| Any Stimulants | 0.578a | |||||
| No | -- | -- | 14 (56.0 %) | 11 (44.0 %) | ||
| Yes | -- | -- | 20 (66.7 %) | 10 (33.3 %) | ||
| Any Other Drugs (except cannabis) | 0.589a | |||||
| No | -- | -- | 19 (65.5 %) | 10 (34.5 %) | ||
| Yes | -- | -- | 15 (57.7 %) | 11 (42.3 %) | ||
| Stigma Sum Score, M (SD) | -- | -- | 7.3 (5.3) | 6.5 (6.9) | 0.385b | |
# n=1 missing; a indicates use of a Fischer's Exact test; b indicates use of a Mann-Whitney test