Overview of the evaluation of T. processionea for bare root plants
Rating of the likelihood of pest freedom	Almost always pest free (based on the median)
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of pest‐free plants/bundles	9991 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	9995 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	9997 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	9999 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	9999.86 out of 10,000 plants/bundles
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of infested plants/bundles	0.14 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	1 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	3 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	5 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	9 out of 10,000 plants/bundles
Summary of the information used for the evaluation	Possibility that the pest could become associated with the commodity Because of the similarity of the commodities, the expected suitability to the pest, the production systems, the nurseries and surroundings, the Panel validated the scenarios from the previous Scientific opinion on Corylus avellana from the UK (EFSA PLH Panel, 2024) for Betula pendula and B. pubescens. As a result of this evaluation, the same values as for C. avellana were considered to be applicable for B. pendula and B. pubescens. Betula is not a reproductive host of T. processionea but if an outbreak is occurring in the nursery area on major hosts, some larvae can invade the Betula plants, moult into pupae that can be carried with them during transport. Measures taken against the pest and their efficacy Plants are surveyed and larvae should be detected as at that stage they are large and conspicuous because of the long whitish hairs. The Panel assumes that infested plants will be removed. Interception records In the EUROPHYT/TRACES‐NT database there are no records of notification of Betula plants for planting neither from the UK nor from other countries due to the presence of T. processionea between the years 1995 and January 2024 (EUROPHYT, 2024; TRACES‐NT, 2024). Shortcomings of current measures/procedures None observed Main uncertainties – The presence and density of oak trees in the surrounding of the nurseries where populations of the larvae can build up – The measures taken by managers on those infested trees as the oak processionary moth is under control – The knowledge the nursery staff may have about the insect as it was recently introduced into the UK – The precision of the survey done in the nursery when preparing the plants for delivery, as pupae can be hidden in the twigs with leaves – The level to which pheromone traps could be helpful for surveillance of T. processionea in the area

Overview of the evaluation of T. processionea for plants in pots
Rating of the likelihood of pest freedom	Almost always pest free (based on the median)
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of pest‐free plants/bundles	9991 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	9995 out of 10,000 plants/bundles	9997 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles	9999 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles	9999.86 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of infested plants/bundles	0.14 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles	1 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles	3 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles	5 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles	9 out of 10,000 plants/ bundles
Summary of the information used for the evaluation	Possibility that the pest could become associated with the commodity Because of the similarity with regard to the suitability of the commodity for T. processionea the same values were taken as for bare root plants. Betula is not a reproductive host of T. processionea but if an outbreak is occurring in the nursery area on oaks, some larvae can invade the Betula plants and ultimately moult into pupae. Both can be carried with the plants during transport, as plants can be traded with leaves. Measures taken against the pest and their efficacy Plants are surveyed and larvae should be detected as at that stage they are large and conspicuous because of the long whitish hairs. The Panel assumes that infested plants will be removed. Interception records In the EUROPHYT/TRACES‐NT database there are no records of notification of Betula plants for planting neither from the UK nor from other countries due to the presence of T. processionea between the years 1995 and January 2024 (EUROPHYT, 2024; TRACES‐NT, 2024). Shortcomings of current measures/procedures None observed Main uncertainties – The presence and density of oak trees in the surrounding of the nurseries where populations of the larvae can build up – The measures taken by managers on those infested trees as the oak processionary moth is under control – The knowledge the nursery staff may have about the insect as it was recently introduced into the UK – The precision of the survey done in the nursery when preparing the plants for delivery, as larvae and pupae can be hidden in the twigs with leaves – The level to which pheromone traps could be helpful for surveillance of T. processionea in the area

Overview of the evaluation of T. processionea for specimen trees
Rating of the likelihood of pest freedom	Pest free with few exceptional cases (based on the median)
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of pest‐free plants	9981 out of 10,000 plants	9989 out of 10,000 plants	9993 out of 10,000 plants	9996 out of 10,000 plants	9998.9 out of 10,000 plants
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of infested plants	1.1 out of 10,000 plants	4 out of 10,000 plants	7 out of 10,000 plants	11 out of 10,000 plants	19 out of 10,000 plants
Summary of the information used for the evaluation	Possibility that the pest could become associated with the commodity Betula is not a reproductive host of T. processionea but if an outbreak is occurring in the nursery area on major hosts, some larvae can invade the Betula plants and ultimately moult into pupae. Both can be carried with the plants during transport, as plants can be traded with leaves. Measures taken against the pest and their efficacy Plants are surveyed and larvae should be detected as at that stage they are large and conspicuous because of the long whitish hairs. The Panel assumes that infested plants will be removed. Interception records In the EUROPHYT/TRACES‐NT database there are no records of notification of Betula plants for planting neither from the UK nor from other countries due to the presence of T. processionea between the years 1995 and January 2024 (EUROPHYT, 2024; TRACES‐NT, 2024). Shortcomings of current measures/procedures The precision of the survey done in the nursery when preparing the plants for delivery, as larvae can be hidden in the canopy especially on large trees.
	Main uncertainties – The presence and density of oak trees in the surrounding of the nurseries where populations of the larvae can build up – The measures taken by managers on those infested trees as the oak processionary moth is under control – The knowledge the nursery staff may have about the insect as it was recently introduced into the UK – The precision of the survey done in the nursery when preparing the plants for delivery, as larvae and pupae can be hidden in the twigs with leaves – The level to which pheromone traps could be helpful for surveillance of T. processionea in the area

Note: For more details, see relevant pest data sheet on Thaumetopoea processionea (Section A.4 in Appendix A).