Table 6.
Comparative analysis of hazardous activities in ship recycling stages.
| Hazard | Segments | Scenario | Code | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Long-term issues) Disease (Lung/Liver/Dermal Cancer, Asbestosis, Mesothelioma, Melanoma, Ocular disease, Malignant Tumor) |
IHM (Inventory of Hazardous Material) Preparation and HM (Hazardous Material) removal and cleaning | Workers have lung cancer due to the direct handling of asbestos. | A1 | High-risk zone |
| Workers are suffering from mesothelioma due to the direct handling of asbestos. | A3 | High-risk zone | ||
| Workers have liver cancer due to direct handling of PCB | A4 | High-risk zone | ||
| During the recovery of cylinders, the dissipation of any gas, such as freon or liquid petroleum gas (LPG) from cylinders, can cause difficulties in breathing. | B3 | High-risk zone | ||
| Cutting (Block Cleaning, Cutting, Loading, and Unloading) | During primary cutting, it is very much possible that workers get severe respiratory problems due to continuous inhalation of toxic fumes. | B4 | High-risk zone | |
| Cutting (Block Cleaning, Cutting, Loading, and Unloading) | During mud cleaning from blocks, not using gloves, working in direct contact with mud, and not wearing any PPE may cause workers different skin problems. | C4 | High-risk zone | |
| During cutting flammable material containing tanks, skin contamination may occur. | C5 | High-risk zone | ||
| Short-Term Issues (Burn Injuries) | Oil removal and tank cleaning | Due to the use of faulty multi-gas meters, a wrong reading of the amount of gas can lead to an explosion. | D3 | High-risk zone |
| Fire hazards can occur when storing heavy fuel oil/diesel oil or not ensuring proper cleaning of oily substances, which may substantially cause burn injuries to the workers. | D4 | High-risk zone | ||
| Reusable Material Recovery | Explosion can occur from cylinder bursting due to high temperature, corroded/eroded cylinder, uneven pressure distribution, or faulty accessories of the cylinders. | D5 | High-risk zone | |
| Cutting (Block Cleaning, Cutting, Loading, and Unloading) | Workers carrying LPG cylinders inside the ship during primary cutting can cause severe accidents if there is any possibility of trapped flammable gas or leakage in the cylinder pipe. | D7 | Very high-risk zone | |
| Workers may get electric shock while disconnecting electric cables, causing burn injuries. | D9 | High-risk zone | ||
| Short-Term Issue: Cuts and Bruises Muscle Strain Fracture Broken Bones Amputation Death |
Inspection at Outer Anchorage | While travelling to the outer anchorage by boat, a collision may happen with nearby ships/boats. | E1 | High-risk zone |
| Inspection team members may fall from a height when boarding the ship from tug/patrol boats using the captain's ladder. | E2 | Very high-risk zone | ||
| Beaching | After beaching, pulling the ship toward shore using the winch may sometimes lead to sudden breakage of the winch rope, leading to severe accidents. | E4 | High-risk zone | |
| Mooring and Access | While making holes in the bow section, workers may fall from height. Injuries may happen this way as they use sharp and pointed tools due to unawareness or faulty equipment. | E6 | High-risk zone | |
| Workers can fall from height during cutting blocks due to unawareness or improper cutting plane. | E10 | Very high-risk zone | ||
| During cutting the side section and using the body harness, a worker may fall from a height due to the loosening of the body harness or pendulum effect. | E11 | High-risk zone | ||
| Due to unplanned working or cutting sequences, workers can crush under heavy plates, blocks, or metal parts or be hit by flying objects. | E13 | Very high-risk zone | ||
| Due to the rupture of wires/chain ropes/shackles/hooks while towing heavy blocks or plates, workers may get seriously injured. | E19 | Very high-risk zone |