Fig. 4.

Impact of HGD on hepatic gene and protein expression

(A) The genes upregulated or downregulated by HGD-feeding for 7 days that are related to lipid metabolic process. (B) The relative gene expression levels of the seven genes were quantified by qRT-PCR at day 7. The expression of each gene was normalised to the average expression of the endogenous reference gene β-actin. (C) Lipogenesis-related protein levels in the liver at day 7. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗p < 0.05, and ∗∗p < 0.01. In Fig. 4A, livers of ND group and HGD group three mice In Fig. 4B and 44C, each group consisted of 8 mice. ACCα: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase α; ACOT1: Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 1; ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase 1; ACSL: Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase; ACYL: ATP citrate lyase; ApoCIII: Apolipoprotein CIII; ATGL: Adipose triglyceride lipase; ChREBP: carbohydrate response element binding protein; CPT1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase I; DGAT: Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase; ELOVL: elongation of very long fatty acid elongase; FABP: Fatty Acid-binding protein; FAS: fatty acid synthase; FATP: Fatty acid transport protein; FBP1: fructose bisphosphatase 1; G6Pase: glucose-6-phosphatase; GK: Glycerol kinase; GPD1: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GPT4: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4; GLUT2: glucose transporter type 2; LCAD: long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; LPK: pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell; LXR: Liver X receptor; MCAD: medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; ME1: malic enzyme 1; MTP: microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; PEPCK: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; SCD1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1; SREBP-1c: sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; LPL: Lipoprotein lipase; and VLCAD: very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)