Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants with or without cancer
| Characteristica | Participants without cancer | Participants with cancer | P b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 1,761 | 160 | |
| Age (years) | 58.1 ± 14.9 | 65.9 ± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 39.8 | 62.5 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.1 | 6.9 | 0.338 |
| Hypertension (%) | 33.8 | 36.3 | 0.529 |
| Current smoking habit (%) | 21.4 | 33.1 | 0.001 |
| Alcohol usec | 0.036 | ||
| Nondrinkers (%) | 48.6 | 39.4 | NA |
| Drinkers < two drinks/day (%) | 39.4 | 43.1 | NA |
| Drinkers ≥ two drinks/day (%) | 12.0 | 17.5 | NA |
| Physical activities | 0.028 | ||
| Low (%) | 35.5 | 42.5 | NA |
| Moderate (%) | 42.1 | 31.3 | NA |
| High (%) | 22.3 | 26.3 | NA |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 3.0 | 22.7 ± 3.0 | 0.282 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133 ± 21 | 136 ± 21 | 0.104 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77 ± 12 | 79 ± 12 | 0.069 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 13.8 ± 1.6 | 0.004 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.1 (4.9–5.5) | 5.2 (4.9–5.6) | 0.191 |
| IRI (μU/mL) | 30 (17–58) | 37 (19–68) | 0.132 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200 ± 36 | 190 ± 38 | 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 59 ± 15 | 58 ± 14 | 0.638 |
| Non–HDL-C (mg/dL) | 139 (115–167) | 129 (107–155) | 0.005 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 89 (64–129) | 92 (66–139) | 0.349 |
| TBARS (μmol/L) | 4.7 (3.9–5.8) | 4.8 (4.0–5.8) | 0.690 |
| R-SOD activity (U/mg Hb) | 8.3 ± 1.8 | 8.6 ± 2.2 | 0.022 |
Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; NA, not applicable.
a
Values are expressed as mean ± SD for normally distributed variables, which were compared with the use of t tests; for skewed variables, which are given as a median and an IQR in parentheses, P values were calculated with the use of the t test, Mann–Whitney test, and χ2 test.
b
P < 0.05 is considered a statistically significant difference between participants who developed cancer and those who did not (expressed as with and without cancer, respectively).
c
One drink contains approximately 12 g of alcohol.