Table 3.
Univariate and age- and sex-adjusted analyses of potential risk factors for the development of cancer
| Variablea | Univariate analysis | Age- and sex-adjusted analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRb (95% CI) | P | HRb (95% CI) | P | |
| Age | 1.05 (1.03–1.06) | <0.001*** | NA | NA |
| Male sex | 2.47 (1.80–3.41) | <0.001*** | NA | NA |
| History of diabetes | 1.41 (0.76–2.59) | 0.277 | 1.10 (0.59–2.02) | 0.769 |
| History of hypertension | 1.15 (0.83–1.59) | 0.389 | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | 0.268 |
| Current smoking habit | 1.76 (1.27–2.45) | 0.001** | 1.25 (0.85–1.84) | 0.248 |
| Nondrinkers | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | NA |
| Drinkersc ≤ two drinks/day | 1.27 (0.90–1.79) | 0.170 | 1.20 (0.82–1.75) | 0.354 |
| Drinkersc > two drinks/day | 1.72 (1.10–2.68) | 0.017* | 1.24 (0.74–2.10) | 0.416 |
| Low physical activity | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | NA |
| Moderate physical activity | 0.60 (0.42–0.86) | 0.006** | 1.02 (0.69–1.50) | 0.936 |
| High physical activity | 0.94 (0.64–1.38) | 0.761 | 0.80 (0.54–1.20) | 0.287 |
| Body mass index | 1.07 (0.68–1.66) | 0.780 | 1.19 (0.76–1.85) | 0.455 |
| SBP | 1.64 (1.03–2.62) | 0.038* | 0.97 (0.60–1.57) | 0.906 |
| DBP | 1.56 (0.96–2.53) | 0.072 | 1.25 (0.77–2.04) | 0.363 |
| Hemoglobin | 1.48 (0.98–2.25) | 0.065 | 1.21 (0.73–2.03) | 0.459 |
| HbA1c | 1.50 (0.94–2.37) | 0.086 | 0.91 (0.57–1.45) | 0.684 |
| IRI Q3 vs. Q1 | 1.31 (0.84–2.04) | 0.232 | 1.72 (1.10–2.70) | 0.017* |
| IRI Q4 vs. Q1 | 1.34 (0.86–2.09) | 0.196 | 1.55 (0.99–2.41) | 0.055 |
| Total cholesterol | 0.56 (0.36–0.86) | 0.009** | 0.66 (0.42–1.05) | 0.077 |
| HDL-C | 1.03 (0.67–1.60) | 0.883 | 1.31 (0.85–2.04) | 0.224 |
| Non–HDL-C | 0.55 (0.35–0.85) | 0.007** | 0.59 (0.37–0.92) | 0.019* |
| Triglycerides | 1.32 (0.84–2.06) | 0.228 | 1.12 (0.71–1.75) | 0.634 |
| TBARS | 1.08 (0.70–1.67) | 0.727 | 0.91 (0.59–1.40) | 0.659 |
| R-SOD activity | 1.40 (0.91–2.16) | 0.126 | 1.67 (1.08–2.60) | 0.022* |
Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; NA, not applicable.
∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01; ∗∗∗, P < 0.001.
a
All continuous variables were categorized into quartiles, and quartile-specific HRs were calculated with the use of the Cox proportional hazards model.
b
The HRs indicate the risk of quartile 4 compared with quartile 1, unless otherwise indicated. Age was calculated as a continuous variable.
c
One drink contains approximately 12 g of alcohol.