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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 4.
Published in final edited form as: Tob Control. 2018 Oct 30;29(1):29–35. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054268

Table 3:

Prevalence of lifetime and past year daily smoking by psychiatric diagnoses

Lifetime daily smokinga Past year daily smokinga

Past year diagnosis (DSM-5) Unadjusted prevalence Adjusted prevalenceb AOR (95% CI)b Unadjusted prevalence Adjusted prevalenceb AOR (95% CI)b

Nonec 32.1 32.0 Ref. 13.4 14.3 Ref.
Any 48.4 48.6 2.18 (2.06, 2.32) 27.7 25.0 2.14 (1.98, 2.31)
Major depressive episode 49.2 49.3 2.27 (2.09, 2.47) 29.4 25.6 2.22 (2.01, 2.46)
Dysthymia 54.6 51.4 2.52 (2.17, 2.92) 35.2 28.8 2.68 (2.30, 3.12)
Bipolar disorder 65.8 64.2 4.59 (3.68, 5.72) 47.3 38.3 4.37 (3.44, 5.55)
Specific phobia 46.5 46.7 2.02 (1.76, 2.34) 24.4 22.8 1.88 (1.65, 2.14)
Social phobia 53.0 49.9 2.35 (1.99, 2.78) 31.4 25.3 2.18 (1.85, 2.57)
Panic disorder 57.3 57.3 3.29 (2.83, 3.82) 39.8 33.2 3.39 (2.87, 4.00)
Agoraphobia 57.9 56.5 3.18 (2.50, 4.06) 38.4 31.6 3.11 (2.46, 3.92)
Generalized anxiety disorder 51.8 50.1 2.36 (2.09, 2.67) 30.6 27.5 2.48 (2.18, 2.83)
Posttraumatic stress disorder 54.4 53.9 2.81 (2.49, 3.18) 34.6 30.0 2.70 (2.32, 3.14)
Any eating disorder 40.1 45.6 1.93 (1.46, 2.56) 20.2 21.1 1.68 (1.23, 2.29)
Alcohol use disorder 50.7 53.4 2.73 (2.51, 2.98) 32.2 29.0 2.70 (2.45, 2.99)
Drug use disorder
Dual disorder
65.9 65.6 4.90 (4.15, 5.78) 48.4 38.7 4.45 (3.83, 5.17)

Note: AOR = adjusted odds ratio.

a.

Lifetime daily smoking defined as having smoked 100+ cigarettes in lifetime and having ever smoked daily. Past year daily smoking defined as having smoked 100+ cigarettes during lifetime and having smoked daily in past year.

b.

Adjusted prevalence and AOR were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and household income.

c.

Those without any listed past year diagnosis were the reference group for all odds ratio comparisons.