FIGURE 3.

Signalling by the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling. GDF: growth differentiation factor; AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; BMPRII: BMP receptor type II; AMHRII: AMH receptor type II; ACTRII: activin receptor type II; TGFβRII: TGF-β receptor type II; ALK: activin receptor-like kinase; Smad: small mothers against decapentaplegic; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Reproduced and modified with permission [61].