. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Sep 19.

Published in final edited form as: Geosci Model Dev. 2024 Sep 19;17(18):7001–7027. doi: 10.5194/gmd-17-7001-2024

Table 4.

Comparison of the compute costs for performing an annual simulation based on the cloud benchmark suite (CBS_limited) on two-node clusters with on-demand and spot-pricing tiers. Note that these costs are indicative and do not include any other components of the cluster (storage, head node, etc.).

Compute node	Cores	Nodes	Pricing	Cost per node (USD)	CBS wall time (hour)	Extrapolated annual cost	Days to complete annual simulation of CBS
HB120v3	192	2	On-demand	3.6 h⁻¹	0.767	USD1007	5.83
HB120v3	192	2	Spot	1.4 h⁻¹	0.767	USD392	5.83
hpc6a.48xl	192	2	On-demand	2.88 h⁻¹	0.839	USD883	6.4