Table 4.
Biomarkers associated with mortality in multivariable subgroup analysis
| Subgroup | Biomarker | Adjusted HR (95% CI), P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early disease (n = 136) | VCAM-1 | 4.99 (1.85–13.44), P = 0.001 | |
| E-selectin | 3.95 (1.78–8.77), P = 0.001 | ||
| CCL-2 | 3.60 (1.55–8.35), P = 0.003 | ||
| ET-1 | 3.14 (1.08–9.13, P = 0.035) | ||
| CXCL12 | 3.08 (1.40–6.78), P = 0.005 | ||
| CCL-18 | 2.82 (1.24–6.45), P = 0.014 | ||
| MMP-1 | 2.73 (1.28–5.81), P = 0.009 | ||
| TIMP-1 | 2.58 (1.16–5.72), P = 0.020 | ||
| CXCL/IL-8 | 2.31 (1.07–5.02), P = 0.034 | ||
| Disease subtype | Diffuse disease, n = 135 | TIMP-1 | 3.59 (1.77–7.29), P < 0.001 |
| VCAM-1 | 2.99 (1.41–6.36), P = 0.004 | ||
| E-selectin | 2.87 (1.43–5.75), P = 0.003 | ||
| Ca15-3 | 2.42 (1.24–4.75), P = 0.010 | ||
| SP-D | 2.41 (1.20–4.82), P = 0.013 | ||
| CCL-18 | 2.19 (1.14–4.21), P = 0.019 | ||
| CXCL4 | 2.08 (1.10–3.93), P = 0.024 | ||
| MMP-1 | 2.01 (1.03–3.92), P = 0.042 | ||
| Limited disease, n = 272 | VCAM-1 | 2.89 (1.71–4.89), P < 0.001 | |
| MMP-3 | 2.42 (1.52–3.86), P < 0.001 | ||
| IL-6 | 2.25 (1.41–3.60), P = 0.001 | ||
| ET-1 | 2.10 (1.31–3.35), P = 0.002 | ||
| MMP-7 | 2.04 (1.27–3.26), P = 0.003 | ||
| E-selectin | 2.01 (1.26–3.19), P = 0.003 | ||
| SP-D | 1.96 (1.21–3.19), P = 0.006 | ||
| CXCL12 | 1.78 (1.14–2.79), P = 0.011 | ||
| CXCL13 | 1.66 (1.05–2.64), P = 0.031 | ||
| ILD extent | ILD extent <20%, n = 111 | VCAM-1 | 2.79 (1.16–6.71), P = 0.022 |
| E-selectin | 2.41 (1.16–5.03), P = 0.019 | ||
| CXCL12 | 2.40 (1.14–5.06), P = 0.021 | ||
| IL-6 | 2.27 (1.06–4.86), P = 0.034 | ||
| ILD extent >20%, n = 86 | SP-D | 2.58 (1.39–4.76), P = 0.003 | |
| CCL-18 | 2.48 (1.29–4.77), P = 0.007 | ||
| MMP-1 | 2.25 (1.18–4.29), P = 0.014 | ||
| Amphiregulin | 2.16 (1.12–4.19), P = 0.022 | ||
| PAHa | Yes, n = 70 | SP-D | 2.64 (1.27–5.47), P = 0.009 |
| E-selectin | 2.30 (1.18–4.48), P = 0.014 | ||
| No, n = 337 | VCAM-1 | 2.86 (1.66–4.90), P < 0.001 | |
| CCL-18 | 1.86 (1.17–2.97), P = 0.009 | ||
| E-selectin | 1.81 (1.12–2.91), P = 0.015 | ||
| MMP-3 | 1.75 (1.07–2.84), P = 0.024 | ||
| CXCL12 | 1.75 (1.08–2.81), P = 0.022 | ||
| CXCL4 | 1.59 (1.00–2.54), P = 0.050 |
Bold typeface used for statistically significant results (P ≤ 0.05).
a
PAH was not investigated for with right heart catheter study in every patient in this cohort. ILD: interstitial lung disease; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension.