Table 2.

Study characteristics.

No.	Author name; year	Country	Study design	Objective	Sample size and population
1	Louise Poppe et al., 2019.19	Belgium	Randomized controlled trial	To test the efficacy of the MyPlan 2.0 app in altering behavioral determinants and behavior in individuals with T2DM	54; older adults with T2DM
2	Morwenna Kirwan et al., 2022.18	Australia	Pre-post evaluation design	To evaluate whether the beat it online program enhances physical fitness and decreases waist size in older adults with T2DM	171; older adults 60–89 years of age
3	Michelle Dugas et al., 2018.16	United States	Randomized controlled trial	To explore mobile health in motivating lifestyle change among older veterans.	29; older adults 61–86 years of age
4	Chenglin Sun et al., 2019.21	China	Randomized controlled trial	To investigate the use of mobile phone health applications for the management of older Chinese adults with T2DM	91; older adults above 65 years of age with T2DM
5	Rozmin Jiwani et al., 2022.17	USA	Single-arm, intervention study	To examine whether a lifestyle intervention combined with mobile health technology for self-monitoring might decrease frailty in older adults who are overweight or obese, and have T2DM	20; older adults above 65 years of age with T2DM
6	Kexin Yu et al., 2020.22	Taiwan	Single arm, feasibility study	To test the efficacy of a mobile health intervention for older adults with T2DM in rural Taiwan	97; patients with T2DM 55 years of age or above
7	João Balsa et al., 2020.20	Portugal	Intervention study	To describe the prototype's features and evaluate its utility	11; older adults with T2DM and 9 experts