Table 3. Association between health insurance and four or more ANC visits in simple and multiple logistic regression model.
| Variables | Four or more ANC visits | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted (N = 3,162) | Adjusted (N = 3,100) | ||||
| OR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | ||
| Covered by health insurance | |||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Yes | 2.0*** | (1.4–2.9) | 1.6 * | (1.1–2.4) | |
| Age at time of birth | |||||
| 15–30 | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 31–49 | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) | 1.1 | (0.6–2.0) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Not married | 0.5** | (0.3–0.8) | 0.5 ** | (0.3–0.8) | |
| Birth order | |||||
| 1st child | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 2nd or 3rd child | 1.0 | (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.5) | |
| 4th child or higher | 0.5*** | (0.4–0.7) | 0.7* | (0.5–1.0) | |
| Educational | |||||
| No education | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Primary | 2.2*** | (1.5–3.1) | 1.8 ** | (1.2–2.7) | |
| Secondary | 3.7*** | (2.6–5.3) | 2.3 *** | (1.5–3.5) | |
| Higher | 8.9*** | (4.3–18.3) | 3.1 * | (1.2–7.7) | |
| Occupation (N = 3,100) | |||||
| Not working | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Professional | 3.8*** | (2.0–7.0) | 1.4 | (0.7–2.8) | |
| Sales | 1.0 | (0.7–1.4) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | |
| Agricultural | 0.7* | (0.5–1.0) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.4) | |
| Services | 4.9** | (1.8–13.5) | 2.6 | (0.9–7.2) | |
| Manual labor | 1.7** | (1.2–2.3) | 1.3 | (0.9–1.9) | |
| Wealth index | |||||
| Poorest | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Poorer | 2.4*** | (1.7–3.2) | 1.7 ** | (1.2–2.3) | |
| Middle | 2.2*** | (1.6–3.1) | 1.5 * | (1.1–2.2) | |
| Richer | 3.0*** | (2.1–4.2) | 1.9 ** | (1.2–2.8) | |
| Richest | 6.4*** | (3.4–12.0) | 3.2 ** | (1.5–6.8) | |
| Residence | |||||
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Rural | 0.4*** | (0.3–0.6) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.1) | |
| Region | |||||
| Plain | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Tonle Sap | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.7) | |
| Coastal | 1.0 | (0.6–1.5) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.1) | |
| Plateau/Mountain | 0.3*** | (0.2–0.4) | 0.5*** | (0.3–0.6) | |
Ref = reference value.
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01
*** p < 0.001.
Notes: Survey weights are applied to obtain weighted percentages. *Plains: Phnom Penh, Kampong Cham, Tbong Khmum, Kandal, Prey Veng, Svay Rieng, and Takeo; Tonle Sap: Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Thom, Pursat, Siem Reap, Battambang, Pailin, and Otdar Meanchey; Coastal/sea: Kampot, Kep, Preah Sihanouk, and Koh Kong; Mountains: Kampong Speu, Kratie, Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Mondul Kiri, and Ratanak Kiri.