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. 2024 Nov 4;18(11):e70027. doi: 10.1111/irv.70027

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Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Absolute COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness against COVID‐19‐associated severe in‐hospital outcomes among adults in the United States during September 8, 2022–August 31, 2023, including effectiveness of original monovalent vaccines only, mRNA bivalent vaccines received 7–89 days before illness onset, and mRNA bivalent vaccines received 90–179 days before illness onset compared to unvaccinated patients. CI = confidence interval, ICU = intensive care unit, IMV = invasive mechanical ventilation, IQR = interquartile range. ^aSome estimates are imprecise, which might be due to a relatively small number of persons in each level of vaccination or case status. This imprecision indicates that the actual VE could be substantially different from the point estimate shown, and estimates should therefore be interpreted with caution.