TABLE 1.
Characteristics of adults by vaccination and COVID‐19 status admitted to one of 26 hospitals in 20 US states during September 8, 2022–August 31, 2023. Values are numbers (column percentages) unless stated otherwise.
| Characteristics |
Total (n = 7028) |
Vaccination status | COVID‐19 status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Unvaccinated (n = 1545) |
Original monovalent only (n = 4191) |
Bivalent 7–89 days earlier (n = 647) |
Bivalent 90–179 days earlier (n = 645) |
COVID‐19 case patients (n = 2924) |
Control patients (n = 4104) |
||
| Median (IQR) age (years) | 67 (56–78) | 59 (43–72) | 68 (57–78) | 72 (62–80) | 72 (64–81) | 70 (58–80) | 66 (54–76) |
| Age group (years) | |||||||
| 18–49 | 1257 (17.9) | 524 (33.9) | 649 (15.5) | 49 (7.6) | 35 (5.4) | 482 (16.5) | 775 (18.9) |
| 50–64 | 1759 (25.0) | 408 (26.4) | 1086 (25.9) | 133 (20.6) | 132 (20.5) | 620 (21.2) | 1139 (27.8) |
| ≥ 65 | 4012 (57.1) | 613 (39.7) | 2456 (58.6) | 465 (71.9) | 478 (74.1) | 1822 (62.3) | 2190 (53.4) |
| Female | 3573 (50.8) | 770 (49.8) | 2169 (51.8) | 314 (48.5) | 320 (49.6) | 1500 (51.3) | 2073 (50.5) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||||
| White, non‐Hispanic | 4092 (58.2) | 814 (52.7) | 2424 (57.8) | 415 (64.1) | 439 (68.1) | 1712 (58.6) | 2380 (58.0) |
| Black or African American, non‐Hispanic | 1606 (22.9) | 384 (24.9) | 968 (23.1) | 129 (19.9) | 125 (19.4) | 635 (21.7) | 971 (23.7) |
| Hispanic or Latino, any race | 802 (11.4) | 218 (14.1) | 492 (11.7) | 52 (8.0) | 40 (6.2) | 356 (12.2) | 446 (10.9) |
| Other race, non‐Hispanic a | 237 (3.4) | 57 (3.7) | 143 (3.4) | 18 (2.8) | 19 (3.0) | 100 (3.4) | 137 (3.3) |
| Other b | 291 (4.1) | 72 (4.7) | 164 (3.9) | 33 (5.1) | 22 (3.4) | 121 (4.1) | 170 (4.1) |
| HHS region c | |||||||
| 1 | 1393 (19.8) | 225 (14.6) | 840 (20.0) | 152 (23.5) | 176 (27.3) | 628 (21.5) | 765 (18.6) |
| 2 | 408 (5.8) | 112 (7.3) | 252 (6.0) | 27 (4.2) | 17 (2.6) | 156 (5.3) | 252 (6.1) |
| 3 | 236 (3.4) | 23 (1.5) | 161 (3.8) | 22 (3.4) | 30 (4.7) | 94 (3.2) | 142 (3.5) |
| 4 | 1053 (15.0) | 265 (17.2) | 650 (15.5) | 69 (10.7) | 69 (10.7) | 444 (15.2) | 609 (14.8) |
| 5 | 1110 (15.8) | 242 (15.7) | 643 (15.3) | 122 (18.9) | 103 (16.0) | 456 (15.6) | 654 (15.9) |
| 6 | 753 (10.7) | 202 (13.1) | 475 (11.3) | 43 (6.7) | 33 (5.1) | 339 (11.6) | 414 (10.1) |
| 7 | 420 (6.0) | 109 (7.1) | 243 (5.8) | 35 (5.4) | 33 (5.1) | 166 (5.7) | 254 (6.2) |
| 8 | 1038 (14.8) | 235 (15.2) | 574 (13.7) | 108 (16.7) | 121 (18.8) | 382 (13.1) | 656 (16.0) |
| 9 | 389 (5.5) | 78 (5.1) | 235 (5.6) | 35 (5.4) | 41 (6.4) | 158 (5.4) | 231 (5.6) |
| 10 | 228 (3.2) | 54 (3.5) | 118 (2.8) | 34 (5.3) | 22 (3.4) | 101 (3.5) | 127 (3.1) |
| No. of chronic medical condition categories, median (IQR) d | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |
| Previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection e | |||||||
| Any previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection | 1445 (20.6) | 307 (19.9) | 899 (21.5) | 117 (18.1) | 122 (18.9) | 491 (16.8) | 954 (23.3) |
| Previous Omicron variant infection | 929 (13.2) | 191 (12.4) | 579 (13.8) | 74 (11.4) | 85 (13.2) | 284 (9.7) | 645 (15.7) |
| COVID‐19 status | |||||||
| Case patients | 2924 (41.6) | 660 (42.7) | 1811 (43.2) | 184 (28.4) | 269 (41.7) | 2924 (100.0) | — |
| Control patients | 4104 (58.4) | 885 (57.3) | 2380 (56.8) | 463 (71.6) | 376 (58.3) | — | 4104 (100.0) |
| Vaccination status | |||||||
| Unvaccinated | 1545 (22.0) | 1545 (100.0) | — | — | — | 660 (22.6) | 885 (21.6) |
| Monovalent only | 4191 (59.6) | — | 4191 (100.0) | — | — | 1811 (61.9) | 2380 (58.0) |
| Bivalent 7–89 days earlier | 647 (9.2) | — | — | 647 (100.0) | — | 184 (6.3) | 463 (11.3) |
| Bivalent 90–179 days earlier | 645 (9.2) | — | — | — | 645 (100.0) | 269 (9.2) | 376 (9.2) |
| Bivalent vaccine product received f | |||||||
| Moderna | 396 (30.7) | — | — | 190 (29.4) | 206 (31.9) | 132 (29.1) | 264 (31.5) |
| Pfizer | 896 (69.4) | — | — | 457 (70.6) | 439 (68.1) | 321 (70.9) | 575 (68.5) |
Abbreviations: HHS = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, IQR = interquartile range.
“Other race, non‐Hispanic” includes Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; these groups were combined due to small counts.
“Other” includes patients who self‐reported their race and ethnicity as “Other” and those for whom race and ethnicity were unknown.
Hospitals by HHS region included Region 1: Baystate Medical Center (Springfield, Massachusetts), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, Massachusetts), and Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut); Region 2: Montefiore Medical Center (New York, New York); Region 3: Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Maryland); Region 4: Emory University Medical Center (Atlanta, Georgia), University of Miami Medical Center (Miami, Florida), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, Tennessee), and Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (Winston‐Salem, North Carolina); Region 5: Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio), Hennepin County Medical Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Henry Ford Health (Detroit, Michigan), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (Columbus, Ohio), and University of Michigan Hospital (Ann Arbor, Michigan); Region 6: Baylor Scott & White Medical Center (Temple, Texas) and Baylor University Medical Center (Dallas, Texas); Region 7: Barnes‐Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri) and University of Iowa Hospitals (Iowa City, Iowa); Region 8: Intermountain Medical Center (Murray, Utah), UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital (Aurora, Colorado), and University of Utah (Salt Lake City, Utah); Region 9: Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, California), Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles, California), and University of Arizona Medical Center (Tucson, Arizona); and Region 10: Oregon Health & Science University Hospital (Portland, Oregon) and University of Washington (Seattle, Washington).
Chronic medical condition categories include autoimmune, cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, hematologic, neurologic, pulmonary, and renal diseases.
Previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was defined as any self‐reported or documented SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that occurred before the episode of illness for which the patient was enrolled into the IVY Network. Previous Omicron infection was defined as any self‐reported or documented SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that occurred from December 26, 2021, until the episode of illness for which the patient was enrolled into the IVY Network.
Proportion denominators restricted to bivalent recipients only.