Table 1.
Study population characteristics and factors associated with never hearing of PrEP, never taking PrEP and ever stopping PrEP
| All participants (n = 399) | Never heard of PrEP (n = 396) | Never taken PrEP (n = 275) | Ever stopped PrEP (n = 69) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Column % | n | Row % | aPR | 95% CI | n | Row % | aPR | 95% CI | n | Row % | aPR | 95% CI | |
| Total | 399 | 100% | 120 | 30.3 | – | – | 206 | 74.9 | – | – | 50 | 72.5 | – | – |
| Sex assigned at birth | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 83 | 20.8 | 20 | 24.1 | 1.17 | 0.77, 1.77 | 46 | 73.0 | 1.01 | 0.82, 1.23 | 13 | 76.5 | 0.94 | 0.60, 1.45 |
| Female | 316 | 79.2 | 100 | 31.6 | – | – | 160 | 75.5 | – | – | 37 | 71.2 | – | – |
| Age group a | ||||||||||||||
| 15–19 years | 105 | 26.3 | 37 | 35.2 | 0.95 | 0.52, 1.73 | 61 | 91.0 | 1.31 | 1.06, 1.61 | 6 | 100.0 | 0.96 | 0.56, 1.67 |
| 20–24 years | 213 | 53.4 | 69 | 32.4 | 1.08 | 0.59, 1.97 | 103 | 73.0 | 1.07 | 0.86, 1.34 | 27 | 71.1 | 0.87 | 0.56, 1.36 |
| 25–36 years | 81 | 20.3 | 14 | 17.3 | – | – | 42 | 62.7 | – | – | 17 | 68.0 | – | – |
| Marital or relationship status | ||||||||||||||
| Married or cohabitating | 36 | 9.0 | 3 | 8.3 | – | – | 28 | 84.8 | – | – | 4 | 80.0 | – | – |
| Not married or cohabitating | 362 | 91.0 | 116 | 32 | 2.28 | 0.69, 7.52 | 178 | 73.6 | 0.89 | 0.72, 1.11 | 46 | 71.9 | 0.70 | 0.38, 1.26 |
| Years of education | ||||||||||||||
| <12 | 209 | 52.5 | 73 | 34.9 | 0.98 | 0.73, 1.33 | 104 | 78.2 | 1.04 | 0.91, 1.20 | 20 | 69.0 | 0.81 | 0.53, 1.23 |
| ≥12 | 189 | 47.5 | 46 | 24.3 | – | – | 102 | 71.8 | – | – | 30 | 75.0 | – | – |
| Weekly household income | ||||||||||||||
| ≤1000 KES b | 133 | 33.4 | 48 | 36.1 | 1.22 | 0.93, 1.59 | 64 | 76.2 | 0.99 | 0.84, 1.15 | 18 | 90.0 | 1.40 | 1.02, 1.93 |
| >1000 KESb | 265 | 66.6 | 71 | 26.8 | – | – | 142 | 74.3 | – | – | 32 | 65.3 | – | – |
| Study site location | ||||||||||||||
| Kericho | 181 | 45.4 | 84 | 46.4 | 1.45 | 0.90, 2.34 | 81 | 85.3 | 1.08 | 0.89, 1.31 | 12 | 85.7 | 1.23 | 0.74, 2.05 |
| Homa Bay | 218 | 54.6 | 36 | 16.5 | – | – | 125 | 69.4 | – | – | 38 | 69.1 | – | – |
| Distance from home to study facility | ||||||||||||||
| ≤3 km | 96 | 24.3 | 14 | 14.6 | – | – | 61 | 75.3 | – | – | 15 | 75.0 | – | – |
| >3 km | 299 | 75.7 | 104 | 34.8 | 0.97 | 0.56, 1.70 | 143 | 74.5 | 0.86 | 0.73, 1.02 | 35 | 71.4 | 0.97 | 0.66, 1.42 |
| Engaged in sex work or transactional sex | ||||||||||||||
| 316 c | 81.0 | 103 | 32.6 | 0.95 | 0.55, 1.63 | 154 | 73.7 | 0.89 | 0.72, 1.09 | 37 | 67.3 | 0.60 | 0.40, 0.92 | |
| Males who have sex with males | ||||||||||||||
| 43 d | 10.9 | 12 | 27.9 | j | j | 15 | 48.4 | j | j | 12 | 75.0 | j | j | |
| Transgender identity | ||||||||||||||
| 6 e | 1.5 | 1 | 16.7 | j | j | 3 | 60.0 | j | j | 1 | 50.0 | j | j | |
| Injection drug use | ||||||||||||||
| 15 f | 3.8 | 3 | 20.0 | j | j | 9 | 80.0 | j | j | 3 | 100 | j | j | |
| Partner with HIV or unknown HIV status in the past 12 weeks | ||||||||||||||
| 279 g | 69.9 | 99 | 35.5 | 1.40 | 0.81, 2.41 | 136 | 76.4 | 1.14 | 0.95, 1.36 | 34 | 81.0 | 1.22 | 0.83, 1.79 | |
| Condom use for anal or (neo)vaginal sex in the past 12 weeks | ||||||||||||||
| Inconsistent | 306 | 79.9 | 89 | 29.1 | 0.94 | 0.67, 1.31 | 159 | 74.3 | 0.99 | 0.83, 1.16 | 41 | 74.5 | 0.80 | 0.51, 1.27 |
| Consistent | 77 | 20.1 | 25 | 32.5 | – | – | 39 | 76.5 | – | – | 8 | 66.7 | – | – |
| Alcohol and/or drugs before sex in the past 12 weeks | ||||||||||||||
| 234 | 60.3 | 86 | 36.8 | 1.24 | 0.88, 1.74 | 113 | 76.4 | 1.06 | 0.90, 1.24 | 28 | 80.0 | 1.53 | 1.03, 2.26 | |
| Self‐reported STI in the past 12 weeks | ||||||||||||||
| 44 | 11.5 | 8 | 18.2 | 0.75 | 0.43, 1.32 | 24 | 66.7 | 0.97 | 0.78, 1.20 | 10 | 83.3 | 1.05 | 0.69, 1.60 | |
| More than one course of HIV PEP in a lifetime | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 33 | 8.9 | 1 | 3 | j | j | 10 | 31.3 | 0.43 | 0.27, 0.68 | 14 | 63.6 | 0.89 | 0.59, 1.34 |
| No, or never heard of PEP | 336 h | 91.1 | 103 | 30.7 | – | – | 188 | 81.7 | – | – | 32 | 76.2 | – | – |
| Knew someone who took PrEP | ||||||||||||||
| 164 | 41.2 | 8 i | 4.9 | 0.10 | 0.04–0.23 | 95 | 61.7 | 0.69 | 0.60, 0.80 | 43 | 72.9 | 0.88 | 0.49, 1.58 | |
Notes: This table shows frequencies and column percentages for all study population characteristics; frequencies and row percentages for all three implementation gaps; and results from fully adjusted regression models for never heard of PrEP (n = 360), never taken PrEP (n = 239) and ever stopped PrEP (n = 60). Results for never heard of PrEP were limited to the 396 participants who answered the question about having heard about PrEP among the 399 participants who attempted the questionnaire. Results for never taken PrEP were limited to the 275 participants who answered the question about taking PrEP among the 276 participants who reported ever having heard about PrEP. Results for ever stopped PrEP included all 69 participants who reported taking PrEP, since they also all answered the question about stopping PrEP. For the regression models, statistically significant results are bolded. Missing data were handled using listwise deletion.
Abbreviations: aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; KES, Kenyan Shillings; PEP, post‐exposure prophylaxis; PrEP, pre‐exposure prophylaxis; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
Although individuals aged 14–55 years were eligible, only participants aged 15–36 years enrolled.
1000 KES was equivalent to approximately 7 USD at the time of the survey and was the 20th percentile of responses.
n = 260 reported their current occupation as “sex worker.”
Among 43 males who have sex with males, n = 19 also reported engaging in sex work/transactional sex and n = 2 also reported injection drug use.
Among six transgender participants, n = 3 were transgender women and n = 3 were transgender men; n = 2 also reported sex work/transactional sex and n = 2 reported engaging in both sex work/transactional sex and injection drug use.
Among 15 participants with injection drug use, n = 10 also reported engaging in sex work/transactional sex.
n = 12 participants had partners known to be living with HIV.
n = 114 had never heard of PEP; n = 184 had heard of PEP but had never taken it; n = 38 had taken one course of PEP.
Likely represents individuals who recalled knowing someone who took PrEP after being provided with information on PrEP during the survey.
Not included in the multivariable model because of insufficient sample size and/or collinearity.