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. 2024 Oct 22;5:1236365. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1236365

Table A3.

Summary of regressions for calculating extra cost, 2019.

(A) Slight, moderate, and severe disability
Variables Aggregated Sight Hearing
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 14.7605*** 11.1987*** 10.9841*** 12.6584*** 16.1719*** 15.3774*** 11.1795*** 10.9750*** 12.6230*** 16.1002*** 15.3906***
Disability status −0.5609*** −0.3294* −0.4749** −0.7599*** −1.1968*** −1.9144*** −0.5240** −0.6205** −1.1365*** −1.5203*** −2.2036***
Urban/rural 4.5532*** 3.6902*** 4.4927*** 5.2404*** 5.0302*** 6.0801*** 3.6888*** 4.4967*** 5.2461*** 5.0476*** 6.1061***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head −0.4211*** 0.0381 0.3321 0.213 −0.3086 −0.0982 0.0405 0.3322 0.2313 −0.2838 −0.056
HH size 2.8297*** 1.7386*** 2.2486*** 2.7731*** 3.5800*** 4.8497*** 1.7388*** 2.2516*** 2.7749*** 3.5809*** 4.8499***
Age of HH head 0.6829*** 0.3370*** 0.4695*** 0.5505*** 0.6618*** 0.8562*** 0.3312*** 0.4614*** 0.5383*** 0.6454*** 0.8330***
Square age of HH head −0.0044*** −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0045*** −0.0053*** −0.0020*** −0.0031*** −0.0038*** −0.0043*** −0.0051***
Years of schooling of HH head 1.2855*** 0.7887*** 0.9122*** 1.1350*** 1.3889*** 1.6847*** 0.7883*** 0.9117*** 1.1343*** 1.3902*** 1.6892***
Young dependency ratio of HH head 3.5768*** −2.7478*** −0.2028 1.2129** 2.7621*** 3.5724*** −2.7689*** −0.1959 1.2389** 2.8144*** 3.6770***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −2.4216*** −5.3385*** −5.1273*** −3.8060*** −4.3065*** −4.2139*** −5.2953*** −5.1070*** −3.7478*** −4.3152*** −4.2990***
Working HH member ratio −3.4255*** −1.0103*** −1.0381*** −2.1633*** −2.4369*** −3.6908*** −1.0379*** −1.0435*** −2.1505*** −2.4366*** −3.6482***
Constant −215.6211*** −147.0933*** −152.3792*** −181.1987*** −238.6156*** −240.2229*** −146.6984*** −152.0889*** −180.4810*** −237.3325*** −240.1504***
R-squared 0.5868 0.2974 0.3152 0.3699 0.4331 0.5591 0.2975 0.3152 0.3699 0.4329 0.5586
Observations 1204466 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 3.8% 2.9% 4.3% 6.0% 7.4% 12.4% 4.7% 5.7% 9.0% 9.4% 14.3%
Variables Mobility Remembering/concentrating
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 11.1961*** 10.9656*** 12.6491*** 16.1556*** 15.4053*** 11.1865*** 10.9705*** 12.6508*** 16.1409*** 15.3868***
Disability status −0.1873 −0.3421 −0.0829 −1.3716*** −1.8242*** −0.3355 −1.2673*** −1.4814*** −1.5551*** −2.7654***
Urban/rural 3.6923*** 4.5006*** 5.2621*** 5.0600*** 6.1135*** 3.6926*** 4.4913*** 5.2431*** 5.0513*** 6.1079***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head 0.045 0.3375 0.2373 −0.3172 −0.112 0.0382 0.2983 0.2041 −0.308 −0.1023
HH size 1.7331*** 2.2452*** 2.7619*** 3.5810*** 4.8530*** 1.7349*** 2.2643*** 2.7810*** 3.5815*** 4.8580***
Age of HH head 0.3355*** 0.4665*** 0.5494*** 0.6511*** 0.8386*** 0.3347*** 0.4583*** 0.5372*** 0.6516*** 0.8343***
Square age of HH head −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0044*** −0.0051*** −0.0021*** −0.0031*** −0.0038*** −0.0044*** −0.0051***
Years of schooling of HH Head 0.7893*** 0.9129*** 1.1373*** 1.3905*** 1.6889*** 0.7889*** 0.9108*** 1.1343*** 1.3898*** 1.6876***
Young dependency ratio of HH head −2.7214*** −0.1764 1.3337** 2.7532*** 3.5932*** −2.7449*** −0.3458 1.1577* 2.7764*** 3.6253***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −5.3828*** −5.1531*** −3.9165*** −4.2850*** −4.2278*** −5.3633*** −5.0127*** −3.7171*** −4.3182*** −4.2729***
Working HH member ratio −1.0097*** −1.0414*** −2.1020*** −2.5231*** −3.7256*** −1.0261*** −1.1391*** −2.2305*** −2.4804*** −3.7234***
Constant −147.0355*** −152.0821*** −181.1305*** −238.1617*** −240.3914*** −146.8691*** −151.8508*** −180.7509*** −237.9637*** −240.0241***
R-squared 0.2973 0.315 0.3695 0.4329 0.5587 0.2973 0.3158 0.3703 0.433 0.559
Observations 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 8.5% 11.8% 11.6% 11.7% 9.6% 18.0%
Variables Communicating Self-care
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 11.1878*** 10.9702*** 12.6235*** 16.1319*** 15.3988*** 11.2083*** 10.9529*** 12.6374*** 16.1635*** 15.4081***
Disability status −0.238 −1.4517*** −1.1697*** −2.1655*** −3.4049*** 0.0955 −1.2534*** −0.5352 −1.2347** −3.0471***
Urban/rural 3.6941*** 4.5005*** 5.2585*** 5.0616*** 6.1244*** 3.6945*** 4.4969*** 5.2616*** 5.0593*** 6.1106***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head 0.0485 0.3263 0.2311 −0.2909 −0.0526 0.0555 0.3452 0.236 −0.275 −0.0661
HH size 1.7312*** 2.2557*** 2.7674*** 3.5769*** 4.8511*** 1.7285*** 2.2517*** 2.7646*** 3.5733*** 4.8515***
Age of HH head 0.3357*** 0.4613*** 0.5443*** 0.6523*** 0.8397*** 0.3369*** 0.4630*** 0.5483*** 0.6583*** 0.8387***
Square age of HH head −0.0021*** −0.0031*** −0.0038*** −0.0044*** −0.0052*** −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0045*** −0.0052***
Years of schooling of HH Head 0.7892*** 0.9114*** 1.1359*** 1.3914*** 1.6904*** 0.7896*** 0.9138*** 1.1372*** 1.3931*** 1.6922***
Young dependency ratio of HH head −2.7091*** −0.3041 1.2501** 2.7926*** 3.6354*** −2.6486*** −0.2555 1.3044** 2.8613*** 3.6449***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −5.4153*** −5.1214*** −3.8695*** −4.4219*** −4.3800*** −5.4500*** −5.1531*** −3.9030*** −4.4331*** −4.3990***
Working HH member ratio −0.9984*** −1.1109*** −2.1694*** −2.4817*** −3.6927*** −0.9499*** −1.1219*** −2.1378*** −2.4411*** −3.7259***
Constant −146.9352*** −151.9531*** −180.6008*** −237.8894*** −240.3879*** −147.2779*** −151.7949*** −180.9240*** −238.5118*** −240.4958***
R-squared 0.2973 0.3156 0.3698 0.433 0.5588 0.2973 0.3154 0.3696 0.4326 0.5587
Observations 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 13.2% 9.3% 13.4% 22.1% 11.4% 7.6% 19.8%
Variables Multi disability
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 11.1741*** 10.9750*** 12.6268*** 16.1224*** 15.3844***
Disability status −0.5020** −1.2114*** −1.0002*** −1.6773*** −2.8647***
Urban/rural 3.6908*** 4.4815*** 5.2412*** 5.0462*** 6.0843***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head 0.0234 0.2867 0.2045 −0.3311 −0.1361
HH size 1.7412*** 2.2659*** 2.7759*** 3.5894*** 4.8665***
Age of HH head 0.3333*** 0.4579*** 0.5407*** 0.6449*** 0.8277***
Square age of HH head −0.0021*** −0.0031*** −0.0038*** −0.0043*** −0.0050***
Years of schooling of HH head 0.7881*** 0.9107*** 1.1343*** 1.3883*** 1.6835***
Young dependency ratio of HH head −2.8209*** −0.4248 1.1617* 2.6744*** 3.5339***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −5.2647*** −4.9017*** −3.7101*** −4.2259*** −4.1256***
Working HH member ratio −1.0772*** −1.1955*** −2.2328*** −2.5481*** −3.7915***
Constant −146.6283*** −151.8512*** −180.4995*** −237.5166*** −239.7671***
R-squared 0.2975 0.316 0.37 0.4333 0.5594
Observations 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 4.5% 11.0% 7.9% 10.4% 18.6%
(B) Moderate and severe disability.
Variables Aggregated Sight Hearing
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 14.7605*** 11.1922*** 10.9750*** 12.6510*** 16.1785*** 15.3925*** 11.1787*** 10.9706*** 12.6375*** 16.1672*** 15.4036***
Disability status −0.5609*** −0.5457* −0.9992** −1.5164*** −2.6290*** −3.4500*** −0.9314*** −1.0307** −1.3923** −1.5031** −3.3810***
Urban/rural 4.5532*** 3.6937*** 4.4943*** 5.2551*** 5.0485*** 6.1238*** 3.6915*** 4.4976*** 5.2606*** 5.0577*** 6.1291***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head −0.4211*** 0.0448 0.3434 0.2305 −0.2848 −0.0648 0.0489 0.3441 0.2385 −0.2729 −0.0571
HH size 2.8297*** 1.7334*** 2.2443*** 2.7664*** 3.5722*** 4.8441*** 1.7353*** 2.2459*** 2.7648*** 3.5686*** 4.8375***
Age of HH head 0.6829*** 0.3352*** 0.4666*** 0.5467*** 0.6540*** 0.8494*** 0.3319*** 0.4644*** 0.5453*** 0.6560*** 0.8463***
Square age of HH head −0.0044*** −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0044*** −0.0053*** −0.0020*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0045*** −0.0053***
Years of schooling of HH head 1.2855*** 0.7888*** 0.9126*** 1.1357*** 1.3904*** 1.6905*** 0.7885*** 0.9129*** 1.1361*** 1.3926*** 1.6923***
Young dependency ratio of HH head 3.5768*** −2.7258*** −0.1709 1.2603** 2.8643*** 3.6774*** −2.7456*** −0.1597 1.3012** 2.9050*** 3.7075***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −2.4216*** −5.3880*** −5.1805*** −3.8640*** −4.4159*** −4.3796*** −5.3603*** −5.1914*** −3.8877*** −4.4688*** −4.4261***
Working HH member ratio −3.4255*** −1.0101*** −1.0431*** −2.1716*** −2.4368*** −3.6219*** −1.0247*** −1.0177*** −2.1317*** −2.3858*** −3.6264***
Constant −215.6211*** −146.9713*** −152.2058*** −181.0338*** −238.6001*** −240.4981*** −146.7187*** −152.1236*** −180.8567*** −238.5453*** −240.6258***
R-squared 0.5868 0.2974 0.3152 0.3698 0.433 0.5586 0.2975 0.3151 0.3697 0.4325 0.5584
Observations 1204466 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 3.8% 4.9% 9.1% 12.0% 16.2% 22.4% 8.3% 9.4% 11.0% 9.3% 21.9%
Variables Mobility Remembering/concentrating
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 11.2023*** 10.9644*** 12.6556*** 16.1741*** 15.4052*** 11.2001*** 10.9629*** 12.6131*** 16.1380*** 15.4005***
Disability status −0.0664 −0.6676* 0.3981 −1.4191*** −3.0253*** −0.1227 −1.0641** −2.2204*** −2.1848*** −2.8689***
Urban/rural 3.6943*** 4.4993*** 5.2636*** 5.0585*** 6.1187*** 3.6943*** 4.5009*** 5.2628*** 5.0585*** 6.1246***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head 0.0533 0.3477 0.2433 −0.287 −0.0721 0.0513 0.3363 0.2248 −0.2836 −0.0671
HH size 1.7300*** 2.2437*** 2.7576*** 3.5744*** 4.8439*** 1.7304*** 2.2466*** 2.7735*** 3.5754*** 4.8420***
Age of HH head 0.3365*** 0.4669*** 0.5513*** 0.6570*** 0.8408*** 0.3365*** 0.4663*** 0.5441*** 0.6554*** 0.8476***
Square age of HH head −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0045*** −0.0052*** −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0038*** −0.0045*** −0.0053***
Years of schooling of HH head 0.7896*** 0.9136*** 1.1374*** 1.3928*** 1.6910*** 0.7895*** 0.9133*** 1.1356*** 1.3922*** 1.6921***
Young dependency ratio of HH head −2.6770*** −0.1697 1.3867** 2.8361*** 3.6348*** −2.6835*** −0.1908 1.1928** 2.8264*** 3.6964***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −5.4332*** −5.1925*** −3.9625*** −4.4266*** −4.3889*** −5.4322*** −5.1988*** −3.8702*** −4.4504*** −4.4313***
Working HH member ratio −0.9756*** −1.0464*** −2.0573*** −2.4476*** −3.7149*** −0.9798*** −1.0518*** −2.2021*** −2.4422*** −3.6417***
Constant −147.1703*** −152.0841*** −181.2935*** −238.6203*** −240.4711*** −147.1347*** −152.0357*** −180.4287*** −238.0713*** −240.5891***
R-squared 0.2973 0.3151 0.3695 0.4326 0.5587 0.2973 0.3152 0.3701 0.4327 0.5584
Observations 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 6.1% 8.8% 19.6% 9.7% 17.6% 13.5% 18.6%
Variables Communicating Self-care
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 11.1992*** 10.9831*** 12.6340*** 16.1445*** 15.4033*** 11.2157*** 10.9724*** 12.6540*** 16.1669*** 15.4017***
Disability status −0.1322 −2.1337*** −1.4827** −2.6441*** −2.5969* 0.4135 −0.5487 0.3286 −0.8209 −2.8400***
Urban/rural 3.6943*** 4.5062*** 5.2627*** 5.0643*** 6.1294*** 3.6952*** 4.5008*** 5.2625*** 5.0585*** 6.1218***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head 0.0523 0.3389 0.2383 −0.281 −0.0577 0.0568 0.3507 0.2413 −0.2736 −0.0575
HH size 1.7300*** 2.2501*** 2.7638*** 3.5742*** 4.8397*** 1.7274*** 2.2420*** 2.7591*** 3.5691*** 4.8412***
Age of HH head 0.3366*** 0.4642*** 0.5478*** 0.6598*** 0.8527*** 0.3366*** 0.4677*** 0.5503*** 0.6618*** 0.8488***
Square age of HH head −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0045*** −0.0054*** −0.0021*** −0.0032*** −0.0039*** −0.0045*** −0.0053***
Years of schooling of HH Head 0.7895*** 0.9116*** 1.1367*** 1.3925*** 1.6933*** 0.7896*** 0.9136*** 1.1374*** 1.3939*** 1.6934***
Young dependency ratio of HH head −2.6793*** −0.237 1.3043** 2.8554*** 3.6944*** −2.6272*** −0.1344 1.3646** 2.9037*** 3.6720***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −5.4378*** −5.2442*** −3.9385*** −4.4692*** −4.4351*** −5.4624*** −5.2318*** −3.9437*** −4.4707*** −4.4316***
Working HH member ratio −0.9745*** −1.0699*** −2.1362*** −2.4218*** −3.6272*** −0.9328*** −1.0103*** −2.0768*** −2.3790*** −3.6590***
Constant −147.1298*** −152.2395*** −180.8666*** −238.2814*** −240.7521*** −147.3800*** −152.2358*** −181.2355*** −238.6753*** −240.6363***
R-squared 0.2973 0.3156 0.3697 0.4328 0.5583 0.2973 0.315 0.3695 0.4324 0.5584
Observations 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 19.4% 11.7% 16.4% 16.9% 18.4%
Variables Multi disability
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Ln real per capita expenditure 11.1916*** 10.9676*** 12.6354*** 16.1718*** 15.3965***
Disability status −0.2926 −1.4039*** −0.8144* −2.0664*** −3.4741***
Urban/rural 3.6941*** 4.4928*** 5.2602*** 5.0581*** 6.1134***
Province dummy (33 dummies) Not included Not included Not included Not included Not included
Male HH head 0.0483 0.3382 0.2349 −0.2853 −0.0605
HH size 1.7321*** 2.2504*** 2.7662*** 3.5776*** 4.8469***
Age of HH head 0.3355*** 0.4625*** 0.5473*** 0.6521*** 0.8401***
Square age of HH head −0.0021*** −0.0031*** −0.0039*** −0.0044*** −0.0052***
Years of schooling of HH head 0.7892*** 0.9122*** 1.1368*** 1.3918*** 1.6907***
Young dependency ratio of HH head −2.7177*** −0.265 1.2735** 2.8082*** 3.6486***
Old dependency ratio of HH head −5.4132*** −5.1685*** −3.8951*** −4.4353*** −4.4272***
Working HH member ratio −1.0076*** −1.1168*** −2.1568*** −2.4826*** −3.6953***
Constant −146.9791*** −151.9597*** −180.8581*** −238.4624*** −240.3505***
R-squared 0.2973 0.3154 0.3696 0.4328 0.5587
Observations 327303 259585 240162 206905 155699
Extra cost 12.8% 6.4% 12.8% 22.6%