Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Health Characteristics of Participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
| N | Total | White women | Black women | White men | Black men | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4318 | 1165 | 1205 | 1046 | 902 | ||
| Baseline demographic characteristics | Median (IQR)/n (%) | Median (IQR)/n (%) | Median (IQR)/n (%) | Median (IQR)/n (%) | Median (IQR)/n (%) | |
| Age (years) | 30.0 (27.0 to 33.0) | 31.0 (28.0 to 33.0) | 30.0 (26.0 to 33.0) | 31.0 (28.0 to 33.0) | 29.0 (26.0 to 33.0) | <0.001 |
| Highest grade of school completed | 14.0 (12.0 to 16.0) | 16.0 (13.0 to 16.0) | 14.0 (12.0 to 15.0) | 16.0 (13.0 to 16.0) | 13.0 (12.0 to 15.0) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 24.9 (22.2 to 28.6) | 23.0 (21.0 to 26.1) | 26.7 (22.7 to 32.3) | 24.9 (22.8 to 27.6) | 25.5 (23.0 to 28.8) | <0.001 |
| <25 kg/m2 | 2,221 (51.4%) | 792 (68.0%) | 480 (39.8%) | 541 (51.7%) | 408 (45.2%) | |
| 25 to 30 kg/m2 | 1,253 (29.0%) | 235 (20.2%) | 330 (27.4%) | 375 (35.9%) | 313 (34.7%) | |
| >30 kg/m2 | 844 (19.5%) | 138 (11.8%) | 395 (32.8%) | 130 (12.4%) | 181 (20.1%) | |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease | 861 (19.9%) | 220 (18.9%) | 255 (21.2%) | 198 (18.9%) | 188 (20.8%) | 0.38 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | |||||
| Never | 2,468 (57.2%) | 644 (55.3%) | 717 (59.5%) | 623 (59.6%) | 484 (53.7%) | |
| Former | 610 (14.1%) | 265 (22.7%) | 101 (8.4%) | 165 (15.8%) | 79 (8.8%) | |
| Current | 1,240 (28.7%) | 256 (22.0%) | 387 (32.1%) | 258 (24.7%) | 339 (37.6%) | |
| Alcohol (mL of alcohol consumed per day) | 2.4 (0.0 to 14.3) | 2.4 (0.0 to 9.5) | 0.0 (0.0 to 5.1) | 7.5 (0.0 to 20.8) | 7.2 (0.0 to 25.2) | <0.001 |
| Total physical activity score at enrollment (EU)a | 311.0 (161.0 to 532.0) | 288.0 (158.0 to 468.0) | 210.0 (92.0 to 372.0) | 415.0 (236.0 to 629.0) | 405.5 (223.0 to 672.0) | <0.001 |
| Television viewing | ||||||
| Total television viewing at exam year 5 (hours per day) | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.0) | 1.0 (1.0 to 2.0) | 3.0 (2.0 to 4.0) | 2.0 (1.0 to 2.0) | 3.0 (2.0 to 4.0) | <0.001 |
| Estimated total television viewing at age 23 (hours per day) | 2.9 (2.3 to 3.8) | 2.3 (2.0 to 2.8) | 3.6 (2.9 to 4.4) | 2.4 (2.1 to 3.0) | 3.9 (3.2 to 4.8) | <0.001 |
| Annual increase in television viewing (hours per day) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.5) | 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.5) | 0.2 (−0.0 to 0.6) | 0.0 (−0.3 to 0.3) | <0.001 |
IQR, interquartile range; EU, exercise units
aA total physical activity score of 300 exercise units (EU) approximates the Health and Human Services recommendations of approximately 150 min of moderate-intensity activity per week