Table 3.
Associations Between Television Viewing Trajectories and Incidence of Premature Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Events in the CARDIA Study, Stratified by Race and Sex
| Estimated television viewing at age 23 (hours per day) | Annual increase in television viewing (hours per day) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORa | 95% CI | p | ORa | 95% CI | p | |
| Coronary heart disease (CHD)—fatal or nonfatal (myocardial infarction, non-myocardial infarction acute coronary syndrome) | ||||||
| 0.016b | 0.54b | |||||
| White women | 1.85 | 1.26, 2.72 | 0.002 | 1.12 | 0.49, 2.55 | 0.79 |
| Black women | 1.10 | 0.78, 1.54 | 0.60 | 2.18 | 1.20, 3.95 | 0.01 |
| White men | 1.50 | 1.28, 1.76 | <0.001 | 1.40 | 0.82, 2.39 | 0.22 |
| Black men | 1.00 | 0.76, 1.32 | 1.00 | 1.32 | 0.57, 3.06 | 0.51 |
| Heart failure—fatal or nonfatal (congestive heart failure, other non-atherosclerotic cardiac disease) | ||||||
| 0.024b | 0.10b | |||||
| White women | 1.48 | 0.74, 2.94 | 0.27 | 1.23 | 0.22, 6.94 | 0.81 |
| Black women | 1.12 | 0.80, 1.57 | 0.50 | 1.37 | 0.75, 2.50 | 0.31 |
| White men | 2.13 | 1.60, 2.84 | <0.001 | 2.98 | 2.04, 4.35 | <0.001 |
| Black men | 1.30 | 1.04, 1.62 | 0.02 | 1.69 | 0.90, 3.16 | 0.10 |
| Stroke—fatal or nonfatal (stroke, not including transient ischemic attacks) | ||||||
| <0.001b | 0.31b | |||||
| White women | 0.20 | 0.04, 1.17 | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.14, 6.20 | 0.93 |
| Black women | 0.99 | 0.76, 1.30 | 0.97 | 1.78 | 1.04, 3.03 | 0.034 |
| White men | 2.48 | 1.92, 3.22 | <0.001 | 2.53 | 1.23, 5.22 | 0.012 |
| Black men | 1.19 | 0.81, 1.76 | 0.37 | 0.96 | 0.44, 2.10 | 0.92 |
| CVD—fatal or nonfatal (myocardial infarction, non-myocardial infarction acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, other atherosclerotic disease other than coronary or stroke) | ||||||
| 0.06b | 0.80b | |||||
| White women | 1.41 | 0.91, 2.19 | 0.13 | 1.06 | 0.50, 2.27 | 0.88 |
| Black women | 1.03 | 0.86, 1.23 | 0.74 | 1.33 | 0.90, 1.97 | 0.16 |
| White men | 1.62 | 1.20, 2.20 | 0.002 | 1.60 | 1.00, 2.57 | 0.051 |
| Black men | 1.21 | 1.00, 1.45 | 0.05 | 1.26 | 0.81, 1.95 | 0.30 |
aModels include estimated television viewing level at age 23, annual increase in television viewing, age, education, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking status, alcohol, body mass index, and physical activity. Smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and physical activity were time-varying
bTests for interactions with race/ethnicity and sex. p for interaction listed above stratified outcomes