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. 2024 Nov 4;15:9520. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51719-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Representative flow plots and (b) summary statistics showing the percentage of different ILC subsets (ILC1s, ILC2s, NCR⁺ ILC3s and NCR^- ILC3s) that are positive for CTLA-4 in specific pathogen free (SPF) (n = 11), germ-free (GF) conditions (n = 11) and GF mice, which have been gavaged with SPF microbiota (ex-GF) (n = 4). One-sided Kruskal-Wallis Test with Dunn’s multiple comparison * P = 0.0106 ** P = 0.0048 **** P < 0.0001 (c) Colon, (d) spleen masses and (e) infiltrating Gr-1⁺ neutrophils between control BALB/c Rag2^−/− (n = 6), FMT treated BALB/c Rag2^−/− (n = 9), control BALB/c Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− (n = 6) or FMT treated BALB/c Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− (n = 7) ** P = 0.0037 *** P = 0.0007 One-sided Kruskal-Wallis Test. f IFNγ production from ILC1s (g) or NKp46⁺ ILC3s between control BALB/c Rag2^−/− (n = 7), FMT treated BALB/c Rag2^−/−(n = 4), control BALB/c Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− (n = 5) or FMT treated BALB/c Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− (n = 4) upon restimulation with PMA and ionomycin for 3 h. ** P = 0.0039 for f and P = 0.0052 for g using one-sided Kruskal-Wallis Test with Dunn’s multiple comparison. All experimental n in Fig. 3 are biologically independent mouse samples.