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. 2024 Nov 4;15:9520. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51719-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Heatmap of the changes in immune checkpoint expression in distal colon segments taken from different models of colitis (Il10^−/− (n = 3), DSS (n = 4), T cell transfer (n = 4), DNBS (n = 4), TRUC (n = 4) and anti-CD40 (n = 4)) compared to control mice (controls were: WT mice (n = 4) for Il10^−/−, DSS and DNBS models; Rag2^−/− mice (n = 4) for T cell transfer, TRUC and anti-CD40 models. b Volcano plot showing the gene expression profile of distal colon segments taken from BALB/c Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− mice (n = 4) compared to BALB/c Rag2^−/− mice (n = 4). Positive log2 fold-changes indicate upregulation in Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− mice, while negative log2 fold-changes indicate upregulation in Rag2^−/− mice. c The most significantly upregulated differentially expressed genes involved in immune activation and interferon-stimulated genes from colon segments taken from Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− mice (n = 4) compared to Rag2^−/− mice (n = 4). d Colon mass, (e) spleen mass and (f) infiltrating Gr-1⁺ neutrophils between TRUC untreated mice (control) (n = 12) compared to TRUC mice treated with anti-CTLA-4 (n = 14) * P = 0.035 *** P = 0.0005 Two-tailed Mann Whitney U test. g weight change (with SEM) P < 0.0001 2-way ANOVA Test performed, (h) colon mass, (i) spleen mass and (j) infiltrating Gr-1⁺ neutrophils between control untreated BALB/c Rag2^−/− mice (n = 8), BALB/c Rag2^−/− mice treated with anti-CD40 (n = 8), untreated BALB/c Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− mice (n = 9 for (h and i), n = 6 for (j) and BALB/c Rag2^−/− x Ctla4^−/− mice treated with anti-CD40 (n = 6 for (h and i,) n = 7 for (j) * P = 0.0165 ** P = 0.0036 *** P = 0.0005 One-sided Kruskal-Wallis Test with Dunn’s multiple comparison. All experimental n in Fig. 4 are biologically independent mouse samples.