Fig. 2. Electrochemical adsorption and degradation of estradiol (E2).

A Normalized total tritium (³H) activity ($c_{p,3H}/c_{f,3H}$) measured via LSC, and (B) normalized concentration of E2 ($c_{p,E2}/c_{f,E2}$) measured via UHPLC-FSA in permeate vs. accumulated permeate volume. $c_{f,E2}$ = 1 µg L⁻¹, $V_{cell}$ = 1.6 V, $J_f$ = 150 L m⁻² h⁻¹ (5 mL min⁻¹), 1 mM NaHCO₃, 10 mM NaCl, 27.2 mg L⁻¹ EtOH, 79.2 mg L^-1 MeOH, pH 8.2 ± 0.2, 23 ± 1 °C. Error bars represent propagated error from operational parameter variations and analytical error.