Figure 2.

The procedure of the PDO experiment. (A) Chest CT image depicting malignant epicardial effusion sampled for the PDO model. (B) Pericardial effusion for PDO sampling. (C) PDO culture: on the 6th day of cultivation, the organoids displayed an average diameter of 63.67 µm (with a range of approximately 21.03–126.22 µm), and a total count of around 3,000 organoids, as illustrated in the light microscope image. (D) Cell proliferation inhibitory rates. (E) IC₅₀ values. (F) Efficacy of the triple-targeted therapy shown in the chest CT images from patient No. 9. PDO, patient-derived organoid; CT, computed tomography; IC₅₀, half-maximal inhibitory concentration.