Table 3.

Male-to-female ratio and age-distribution of suicide mortality rates over four time periods during 2004–2020

	2004–2020	2004–2008	2009–2012	2013–2016	2017–2020	P-value for effect modification
	Rate ratio (95% CI)	Rate ratio (95% CI)	Rate ratio (95% CI)	Rate ratio (95% CI)	Rate ratio (95% CI)
Gender
Male	4.10 (3.36, 4.99)*	2.73 (1.88, 3.95)*	4.75 (3.13, 7.21)*	4.25 (2.91, 6.18)*	5.33 (3.46, 8.19)*	0.094
Female	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Age group by gender
Males
15–24 years	0.77 (0.59, 1.01)	0.54 (0.29, 0.98)**	0.68 (0.40, 1.16)	0.81 (0.48, 1.35)	1.21 (0.72, 2.04)	0.49
25–44 years	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
45–64 years	1.06 (0.86, 1.31)	0.89 (0.56, 1.39)	0.89 (0.35, 1.17)	1.03 (0.69, 1.55)	1.50 (0.99, 2.27)***
Over 65 years	0.66 (0.49, 0.90)	0.51 (0.25, 1.05)***	0.64 (0.35, 1.17)	0.84 (0.50, 1.40)	0.63 (0.34, 1.17)
Females
15–24 years	0.60 (0.33, 1.11)	0.26 (0.06. 1.13)***	0.93 (0.39, 3.02)	0.71 (0.23, 2.18)	0.73 (0.48, 2.90)	0.96
25–44 years	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
45–64 years	1.41 (0.95, 2.09)***	1.50 (0.76, 2.98)	1.57 (0.65, 3.80)	1.36 (0.64, 2.90)	1.18 (0.47, 2.90)
Over 65 years	0.57 (0.31, 1.06)***	0.59 (0.20, 1.80)	0.77 (0.21, 2.84)	0.46 (0.13, 1.61)	0.55 (0.15, 1.99)

^*P < 0.001.

^**P < 0.05.

^***P < 0.1.