Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis
| Author | Country | Age | Male (%) |
MAP | Proteinuria | patients | Immunosuppression (%) |
Follow up (Y, M) |
Outcomes assessed | Interstitial fibrosis/ tubular atrophy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lv, 2013 [23] | China | 36.3 ± 15.1 | 58.5 | 118.1 ± 19.7 | 4.44 ± 2.63 | 113 | 71.7 | 23.7 M | ESRD |
1–50%: 43 > 50%: 66 |
| Haas, 2017 [7] | USA | 35 ± 14 | 58 | 97 ± 15 | 1.2(0.7–2.3) | 3096 | 37 | 4.7Y |
≥ 50% decline in eGFR or ESRD (combined event) |
/ |
| Zhang, 2017 [24] | China | 32 ± 10 | 43.7 | NA | 0.8(0.4–1.5) | 538 | NA | 51 M |
renal outcome comprising doubling of baseline serum creatinine (SCr) and ESRD (maintenance hemodialysis, maintenance peritoneal dialysis, or renal transplantation). |
Interstitial fibrosis: Mild = 206; Moderate = 113; Severe = 14; Tubular atrophy: Mild = 277; Moderate = 148; Severe = 36 |
| Zhang, 2018 [14] | China | 35.4 ± 12 | 49.1 | 95.8 ± 13.5 | 1.42(0.72–2.62) | 1152 | 52.5 | 45 M |
eGFR decline equal to or greater than 50% or to ESRD |
Oxford classifcation: M1 = 469; E1 = 459; S1 = 839; T1 + T2 = 364 |
|
Park, 2019 [15] |
Korea | 36(24–47) | 50.2 | 93(83–101) | 1.06(0.49–2.1) | 3380 | NA | 8.74Y | Merge of progression to ESRD and halving of eGFR from baseline |
Interstitial fibrosis: Mild = 1776; Moderate = 228; Severe = 93; Tubular atrophy: Mild = 1395; Moderate = 439; Severe = 192 |
| Peng, 2019 [16] | China | 34.2 ± 11.2 | 45.6 | NA | 2.8 ± 3.0 | 1328 | 60.5 | 46.1 M |
eGFR decline equal to or greater than 10% or to ESRD |
Oxford classifcation: M1 = 1043; E1 = 64; S1 = 675; T1 + T2 = 328 |
| Ma, 2020 [25] | China | 32.1 ± 11.1 | 59.8 | 97.5 ± 15.5 | 2.1 ± 2.5 | 338 | 73.4 | 49.9 M | a ≥ 50% reduction in eGFR or ESRD. | Oxford classifcation: M1 = 115; E1 = 61; S1 = 78; T1 + T2 = 142 |
| Lin, 2021 [17] | China | 30(26–39) | 44.9 | 92(83.5–100) | 0.8(0.43–1.58) | 305 | 36.1 | 34.8 M |
≥ 15% decline in the eGFR after 1 year or ≥ 30% decline in the eGFR after 2 years |
Oxford classifcation: M1 = 245; E1 = 34; S1 = 158; T1 = 37 |
| Chen, 2022 [18] | China | 35.99 ± 11.99 | 46.25 | 99.76 ± 13.31 | 1.61 ± 2.14 | 144 | NA | 16 M | ESRD or eGFR decreasing by 50% | / |
| Du, 2022 [19] | China | 34.97 ± 12.58 | 43.5 | 94.88 ± 12.64 | 1.59(1.00-3.10) | 595 | 62.5 | 43 M |
ESKD or ≥ 50% decline in eGFR |
Interstitial fibrosis: Mild = 141; Moderate = 14; Severe = 7; |
| Ossareh, 2022 [20] | Iran | 37 ± 13 | 76 | NA | 3.4 ± 2.5 | 115 | NA | 43 M | ESKD or death due to kidney disease | Oxford classifcation: M1 = 20; E1 = 19; S1 = 56; T1 = 50; C1 = 40 |
| Ruan, 2022 [21] | China | 34 ± 10.2 | 43.5 | 94.7 ± 14.1 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 458 | 18.8 | 48 M |
ESKD or ≥ 50% decline in eGFR |
Oxford classifcation: T0 = 193; T1 = 58; T2 = 4; |
|
Di,2023 [22] |
China | 37 ± 13.1 | 51.9 | 100 ± 14 | NA | 287 | 55.7 | 57 M | Kidney survival | / |
MAP: Mean arterial pressure; Y: year; M: month; ESKD: end stage renal disease; NA: Not available