. 2024 Sep 15;17(9):2077–2087. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2077-2087

Table-6.

In vitro rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations of rations with protein concentrate supplement.

Variable	Ration treatment					p-value

	IFW1	IFN1	IFW05	IFN05	Control
Total VFA content (mM)	69.44^a ± 9.14	49.23^a ± 9.99	56.78^a ± 3.99	49.13^a ± 13.37	52.07^a ± 13.82	0.0886
Proportion of partial VFA (%)
Acetic, C₂	52.54^ab ± 0.67	53.79^ab ± 4.72	52.25^ab ± 3.73	56.38^a ± 4.38	48.70^c ± 2.06	0.0804
Propionic, C₃	26.35^a ± 0.68	25.16^a ± 3.03	22.84^a ± 1.82	24.95^a ± 2.52	25.79^a ± 1.63	0.2033
Iso-butyric, iC₄	2.65^a ± 0.18	2.16^a ± 0.63	3.21^a ± 0.79	1.97^a ± 1.71	3.27^a ± 0.43	0.2031
Butyric, nC₄	14.47^bc ± 0.70	15.33^abc ± 1.65	16.99^ab ± 0.99	14.12^c ± 1.84	17.59^a ± 1.48	0.0411
Iso-valeric, iC₅	1.95^a ± 0.13	1.58^a ± 0.46	2.36^a ± 0.58	1.44^a ± 1.25	2.40^a ± 0.31	0.1986
Valeric, nC5	2.05^ab ± 0.11	1.51^bc ± 0.61	2.36^a ± 0.27	1.15^c ± 0.68	2.25^a ± 0.30	0.0073
C₂ : C₃	2.00^a ± 0.05	2.13^a ± 0.39	2.31^a ± 0.33	2.27^a ± 0.25	1.90^a ± 0.17	0.1972

IFW=Fresh Indigofera leaves extracted with distilled water, IFN=Fresh Indigofera leaves extracted with 0.1 N NaOH, IFW1=Control ration containing 1% of IFW, IFN1=Control ration containing 1% of IFN, IFW05=control ration containing 0.5% of IFW, IFN05=Control ration containing 0.5% of IFN, Control=rice straw basal ration, numbers with different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)