. 2024 Oct 22;12:1470624. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1470624

Table 3.

Independent samples t-test for each variable (N = 4,636).

Variables	Classification	Square dance exercise (M ± SD)	t	Negative emotion (M ± SD)	t	Attitudes towards aging (M ± SD)	t	Quality of life (M ± SD)	t
Sex	Male	18.10 ± 12.29	0.400	54.42 ± 17.61	0.006**	90.73 ± 12.69	<0.001***	103.74 ± 15.12	<0.001***
Sex	Female	17.32 ± 13.30	0.400	58.56 ± 21.64	0.006**	86.67 ± 13.57	<0.001***	98.21 ± 19.34	<0.001***
Duration	<5 years	15.96 ± 12.41	<0.001***	53.36 ± 17.30	<0.001***	85.31 ± 12.90	<0.001***	92.12 ± 19.27	0.000***
Duration	>5 years	18.43 ± 13.77	<0.001***	64.87 ± 24.43	<0.001***	88.05 ± 13.92	<0.001***	107.25 ± 16.79	0.000***
Group size	<25 people	16.07 ± 12.35	<0.001***	63.43 ± 23.53	<0.001***	85.36 ± 12.84	<0.001***	91.96 ± 19.21	<0.001***
Group size	>25 people	18.80 ± 14.06	<0.001***	52.67 ± 17.20	<0.001***	88.55 ± 14.14	<0.001***	107.84 ± 15.26	<0.001***

**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.