Figure 5.

Individuals who confronted or avoided discrimination from others. Percentages represent the number of confrontations (or avoidance) divided by the total number of study participants (n = 294). As a consequence, some of the confrontation (or avoidance) responses were not mutually exclusive for some participants, or they may not have appeared at all for others. Thus, the percentages presented in this figure do not sum up to 100%. A chi-square goodness of fit test was performed to assess differences in observed frequencies of confrontational or avoidance behaviors, revealing non-significant differences, Χ²(1) = 2.90, p > 0.05. These findings suggest that confrontational and avoidance behaviors are equally common responses to discriminatory behavior.