Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with visibility of early gastric cancer on WLI.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%Cl | P-Value | OR | 95%Cl | P-Value | |
| Age | 1.01 | 0.96–1.06 | 0.73 | |||
| Male sex | 0.617 | 0.23–1.68 | 0.34 | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.05 | 0.47–2.32 | 0.91 | |||
| Diabetes | 0.449 | 0.16–1.25 | 0.13 | |||
| Reflux esophagitis | 1.33 | 0.28–6.30 | 0.72 | |||
| Other organ cancer | 1.89 | 0.58–6.13 | 0.29 | |||
| Medicine | ||||||
| anti acid drugs | 0.8 | 0.34–1.90 | 0.61 | |||
| low dose aspirin | 0.98 | 0.33–2.85 | 0.96 | |||
| anticoagulant | 0.38 | 0.09–1.57 | 0.18 | |||
| Prednisolone | 0.48 | 0.04–5.47 | 0.55 | |||
| NSAIDs | 0 | 0.04-Inf | 0.99 | |||
| H. pylori | ||||||
| uninfection | 0.98 | 0.23–4.16 | 0.98 | |||
| current infection | 1.41 | 0.53–3.72 | 0.49 | |||
| past infection | 0.77 | 0.32–1.83 | 0.55 | |||
| Tumor location | ||||||
| U | 0.86 | 0.31–2.33 | 0.76 | |||
| M | 0.81 | 0.36–1.84 | 0.62 | |||
| L | 1.36 | 0.60–3.06 | 0.46 | |||
| Color | ||||||
| Normal tone | 0.52 | 0.14–1.91 | 0.33 | |||
| Redness | 1.4 | 0.57–3.42 | 0.46 | |||
| Whitish | 0.98 | 0.33–2.85 | 0.96 | |||
| Macroscopic type | ||||||
| 0-Ⅱa | 1.23 | 0.48–3.20 | 0.67 | |||
| 0-Ⅱb | 1.25 | 0.32–4.97 | 0.76 | |||
| 0-Ⅱc | 0.84 | 0.35–2.03 | 0.70 | |||
| Tumor size (0<10mm, 1<20mm, 2≦30㎜) | 1.89 | 1.07–3.34 | 0.03* | 1.93 | 1.07–3.46 | 0.03* |
| Endoscopic atrophy | 0.96 | 0.60–1.54 | 0.87 | |||
| none | 0.64 | 0.10–4.00 | 0.63 | |||
| mild (C-1, C-2) | 1.25 | 0.32–4.97 | 0.75 | |||
| moderate (C-3, O-1) | 1.29 | 0.55–3.04 | 0.56 | |||
| severe (O-2, O-3) | 0.81 | 0.36–1.80 | 0.61 | |||
| Endoscopic intestinal metaplasia | 0.52 | 0.29–0.93 | 0.03* | 0.49 | 0.27–0.91 | 0.02* |
| none | 3.4 | 1.26–9.15 | 0.02* | |||
| patchy/partial | 0.64 | 0.29–1.41 | 0.27 | |||
| overall | 0.56 | 0.22–1.42 | 0.23 | |||
| Maplike redness | 0.78 | 0.46–1.30 | 0.34 | |||
| none | 1.9 | 0.83–4.32 | 0.13 | |||
| patchy/partial | 0.51 | 0.22–1.19 | 0.12 | |||
| overall | 0.98 | 0.19–5.11 | 0.08 | |||
| Histological type | 0.78 | 0.38–1.61 | 0.50 | |||
| Well differentiated | 0.59 | 0.21–1.68 | 0.32 | |||
| Moderately differentiated | 2.15 | 0.60–7.67 | 0.24 | |||
| Undifferentiated | 0.98 | 0.19–5.11 | 0.98 | |||
| Depth of tumor (M/SM1 vs SM2) | 3.07 | 0.31–30.60 | 0.34 | |||
| ELA (non/mild vs moderate/severe) | 0.74 | 0.33–1.69 | 0.48 | |||
| Histological atrophy | 1.34 | 0.59–3.06 | 0.48 | |||
| Histological IM | 1.13 | 0.51–2.51 | 0.77 | |||
Uni- and multivariate analyses using logistic regression analysis were performed to examine clinicopathological factors related to lesion visibility. WLI, White light imaging; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; M, tumor confined to the mucosa or invasion into the muscularis mucosa; SM1, tumor invasion less than 0.5 mm into the submucosa; SM2, tumor invasion of 0.5 mm or more into the submucosa; ELA, epithelium with low-grade atypia * Statistically significant.