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. 2024 Nov 5;19(11):e0301314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301314

Table 1. Identification of research question through SPIDER Search strategy.

S
Sample
PI
Phenomenon of Interest
D
Design
E
Evaluation
R
Research Type
Various PPI evaluation frameworks used in clinical trials Efficacy of framework to report PPI Using PPI Evaluation frameworks and modifying them to fit this trial Impact of PPI on study recruitment, retention, and overall trial quality Mixed methods