a, Upon decoding of the cognate AUA codon, the universal nucleotide G530 in helix h18 stacks with L34 of Ile-tRNAIleLAU bound in the A/T conformation. b, The near-cognate AUG codon weakens the interactions with the decoding center, evidenced by the gap between G530 and L34 in structure II. c, Water-mediated interactions (gray dashed lines) between L34 of Ile-tRNAIleLAU in structure I and the G530 loop in the decoding center. The putative water ‘W’ is shown as a yellow sphere.