Table 2.
Temporal expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins and the Brucella’s control of apoptosis.
| Name | Regulatory processes | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| ROS | The apoptosis rate was significantly reduced in the NAC (ROS eliminator) treated group at 3, 6, 12, and 24h post-infection, and the expression of Caspase3 was decreased in the NAC treated group at 3, 6, 12, and 24h post-infection. | ROS-3h, 6h, 12h, 24h (Time of Brucella infection of cells)- promote apoptosis |
| VceA | Compared to the parental strain, ΔVceA decreased Caspase3 (pro-apoptotic) expression at 24h post-infection, increased Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) expression at 12h and 24h post-infection, and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells at 24h post-infection. | VceA-24h-promote apoptosis |
| BtpB | ΔBtpB significantly decreased the average apoptosis rate of early apoptotic cells at 48 h post-infection. After 48h of pEGFP-C1-BtpB transfected cells, there were more TUNEL-positive cells in the BtpB-transfected group than in the pEGFP-C1 group, and the expression of Caspase3 was enhanced in the BtpB-transfected group. | BtpB-48h-promote apoptosis |
| VceC | ΔVceC increased the proportion of early apoptosis in GTC cells at 12h and 48h post-infection, and elevated the levels of apoptosis-associated proteins (Caspase3, Chop) at 24h and 48h post-infection. | VceC-48h-inhibit apoptosis |
| BspJ | ΔBspJ significantly increased the rate of apoptosis at 24 h post-infection. | BspJ-24h-inhibit apoptosis |
| BspG | ΔBspG significantly increased the rate of apoptosis at 24 h post-infection. | BspG-24h-inhibit apoptosis |
| BspF | ΔBspF significantly increased the proportion of early apoptotic cells at 24h and 48h post-infection and significantly increased the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Caspase3, AIF, Bax) at 24h and 48h post-infection. | BspF-24h, 48h-inhibit apoptosis |
| Omp25 | Different concentrations of recombinant Omp25 protein were incubated with BV cells for 24 h. The percentage of apoptotic cells decreased as the concentration of Omp25 protein increased. | Omp25-inhibit apoptosis |
| Omp31 | ΔOmp31 triggered more apoptosis at 2-24h post-infection. ΔOmp31 increased the expression of Caspase3, Caspase8 and Caspase9 at 4h post-infection, decreased the expression of Bcl-2 at 8, 12, and 24h post-infection, increased Bax expression at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-infection, and increased Cyt c concentration at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-infection. | Omp31-4h, 8h, 12h, 24h-inhibit apoptosis |
| A20 | At 8h post-infection, NF-κB was inhibited using PDTC, and the A20 knockdown group was able to promote apoptosis. | A20-inhibit apoptosis |
| Ca2+/Nedd4/Calpain2 | Calcium ion concentration gradually increases 4-24h after Brucella infection of cells, Calpain2 binds to Nedd4 and is ubiquitinated at 24h post-infection. | Ca2+/Nedd4/Calpain2-24h-inhibit apoptosis |