FIGURE 2.

Three main types of autophagy. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) directly transports proteins to the lysosomal membrane, recognizing the KFERQ motif by heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8/HSC70), without involving the formation of a membrane. Microautophagy involves the invagination of the lysosome membrane to directly ingest cargo, while macroautophagy entails the formation of a double membrane. Despite their differences in transport mechanisms, all three types of autophagy eventually deliver cargo to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Figure made by Biorender.com.