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. 2024 Nov 5;15:9545. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53927-6

Fig. 4. Structural characterization of representative nonplanar reaction intermediates on Au(111).

Fig. 4

a Large-scale STM image after depositing precursor 1 on a cold Au(111). b, e Zoom-in and c, f simulated STM images of two individual debromination intermediates and the corresponding d, g structural models and chemical structures. h Large-scale STM image after annealing at approximately 300 K for 12 h. i Zoom-in STM, j simulated STM, l BR-STM, m nc-AFM, and n simulated AFM images of an individual cyclization intermediate I and k the corresponding structural model and chemical structure. The gray chemical structure represents the part of the molecule closer to the Au(111) surface. Scale bars: a, h 20 nm. b, e, i, l, m 0.5 nm. Scanning parameters: a U = 1 V, I = 10 pA. b U = 0.01 V, I = 10 pA. e U = 50 mV, I = 100 pA. h U = 0.5 V, I = 10 pA. i U = 0.1 V, I = 100 pA. l CO tip, constant height, U = 10 mV.