Figure 6. IL-4- and IFN-α-producing CD4⁺ T cells in a humanized SS mouse model. (A) A patient-derived humanized SS mouse model was developed by injecting human PBMCs and BLMs into NSG mice (normal control [n=3], BLM-treated mice [n=3] and BLM and patient PBMC-treated mice [n=5]). (B) H&E staining of skin tissues from the humanized SS mouse model. Scale bars=100 μm. (C) Representative α-SMA- and Col1-stained images of skin tissues of the humanized SS mouse model. Scale bars=100 μm. (D) Immunohistochemistry of pSTING, pSTAT6, and pIRF3 in skin tissues of the humanized SS mouse model. Scale bars=100 μm. (E) Numbers of IL-4⁺ IFN-α⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in spleen of the humanized SS mouse model. (F) Representative immunofluorescence images of CD4 (green), IL-4 (red), IFN-α (white), and DAPI (blue) in skin tissues from the humanized SS mouse model. Scale bars=20 μm. Values are means ± SEMs from three independent experiments.

hIl-4, human IL-4; hIFN α, human IFN α.

^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01, and ^***p<0.001.