Table 2. Univariate analysis in the prediction of all-cause death within 5 years.
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.053 | 1.047–1.058 | <0.001 | |
| Male sex | 0.983 | 0.878–1.100 | 0.761 | |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.926 | 0.911–0.941 | <0.001 | |
| SBP (per 1 mmHg) | 0.999 | 0.997–1.001 | 0.444 | |
| DBP (per 1 mmHg) | 0.992 | 0.989–0.995 | <0.001 | |
| Heart rate (per 1/min) | 1.001 | 0.998–1.003 | 0.601 | |
| NYHA functional class IV | 1.358 | 1.212–1.521 | <0.001 | |
| AF | 0.95 | 0.843–1.070 | 0.399 | |
| Hypertension | 1.415 | 1.252–1.598 | <0.001 | |
| DM | 1.343 | 1.196–1.507 | <0.001 | |
| IHD | 1.293 | 1.150–1.454 | <0.001 | |
| Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.855 | 0.835–0.875 | <0.001 | |
| Creatinine (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.053 | 1.032–1.076 | <0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL) | 0.996 | 0.995–0.998 | <0.001 | |
| LVEDD (per 1 mm) | 0.988 | 0.982–0.995 | <0.001 | |
| LVESD (per 1 mm) | 0.993 | 0.988–0.999 | 0.012 | |
| LVEDV (per 1 mL) | 0.999 | 0.998–1.000 | 0.031 | |
| LVESV (per 1 mL) | 0.999 | 0.998–1.000 | 0.161 | |
| LVEF (per 1 %) | 0.998 | 0.995–1.002 | 0.528 | |
| LA diameter (per 1 mm) | 1.008 | 1.002–1.138 | 0.008 | |
| E/E′ ratio (per 1) | 1.019 | 1.014–1.025 | <0.001 | |
| PASP (per 1mmHg) | 1.012 | 1.009–1.016 | <0.001 | |
| HF phenotype | ||||
| HFrEF | Reference | 0.372 | ||
| HFmrEF | 0.887 | 0.751–1.048 | 0.160 | |
| HFpEF | 0.972 | 0.856–1.104 | 0.664 | |
| RVGLS (per 1% decrease) | 1.019 | 1.009–1.029 | <0.001 | |
| RVGLS/PASP ratio (per 1%/mmHg decrease) | 2.426 | 1.821–3.232 | <0.001 | |
| Use of RAAS-inhibitor at discharge | 0.616 | 0.547–0.694 | <0.001 | |
| Use of beta-blocker at discharge | 0.621 | 0.554–0.695 | <0.001 | |
| Use of MRA at discharge | 0.844 | 0.753–0.945 | 0.003 | |
HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; NYHA = New York Heart Association; AF = atrial fibrillation; DM = diabetes mellitus; IHD = ischemic heart disease; LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVEDV = left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV = left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LA = left atrial; HF = heart failure; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFmrEF = heart failure with mildly-reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; RVGLS = right ventricular global longitudinal strain; PASP = pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; RAAS = renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; MRA = mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.