Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of unmatched patients (n=153,500)
| Characteristic | Cannabis users (n=642) | Cannabis non-users (n=152,858) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | <0.001 | ||
| 15–19 | 0 | 128 (0.08) | |
| 20–24 | 0 | 572 (0.37) | |
| 25–29 | 20 (3.23) | 1,341 (0.88) | |
| 30–34 | 39 (6.30) | 3,237 (2.12) | |
| 35–39 | 59 (9.53) | 5,438 (3.56) | |
| 40–44 | 72 (11.63) | 8,108 (5.30) | |
| 45–49 | 94 (15.19) | 11,655 (7.62) | |
| 50–54 | 101 (16.32) | 16,248 (10.63) | |
| 55–59 | 114 (18.42) | 20,846 (13.64) | |
| 60–64 | 77 (12.44) | 23,128 (15.13) | |
| 65–69 | 43 (6.95) | 23,302 (15.24) | |
| 70–74 | 0 | 21,975 (14.38) | |
| 75–79 | 0 | 14,627 (9.57) | |
| 80–85 | 0 | 2,253 (1.47) | |
| Gender | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 312 (48.60) | 88,430 (57.85) | <0.001 |
| Male | 330 (51.40) | 64,428 (42.15) | |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Depression | 375 (58.41) | 25,936 (16.97) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 378 (58.88) | 22,778 (14.90) | <0.001 |
| SDoH disparity | 253 (39.41) | 19,810 (12.96) | <0.001 |
| Levels of fusion | |||
| Single | 425 (66.20) | 104,028 (68.06) | 0.34 |
| Two | 101 (15.73) | 20,288 (13.27) | 0.08 |
| Three | 116 (18.07) | 28,542 (18.67) | 0.73 |
| Insurance type | <0.001 | ||
| Cash | 0 | 118 (0.08) | |
| Commercial | 369 (63.84) | 101,922 (66.68) | |
| Government | 0 | 3,615 (2.36) | |
| Medicaid | 131 (22.66) | 6,613 (4.33) | |
| Medicare | 78 (13.49) | 39,326 (25.73) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 1,264 (0.83) | |
| Preoperative opioid usea) | |||
| Opioid naïve | 315 (49.07) | 97,307 (63.66) | <0.001 |
| ≤34 MME | 13 (2.02) | 2,021 (1.32) | 0.17 |
| 35–74 MME | 12 (1.87) | 2,014 (1.32) | 0.29 |
| 75–89 MME | 0 | 662 (0.43) | 0.67 |
| 90–100 MME | 0 | 810 (0.53) | 0.26 |
| ≥100 MME | 0 | 595 (0.39) | >0.999 |
Values are presented as number (%).
SDoH, social determinants of health; MME, morphine milliequivalents.
a)
Preoperative opioid use within 30 days of surgery.