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. 2024 Oct 17;41(11):msae216. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msae216

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Fig. 4. — DE of toxin-like secretory and secretory protein pathway products that are expressed uniquely across luminous and nonluminous upper lips. a) Compared with the gut, the luminous upper lip has a significantly higher proportion of toxin-like genes to secreted genes, but not significantly higher compared with the compound eye. A statistically significant pairwise comparison between BUL:Gut is indicated by P < 0.05. b) Compared with the compound eye and gut, the nonluminous upper lip expressed a lower proportion of toxin-like genes to secreted genes. c) Compared with the nonluminous upper lip, the BUL expressed a significantly higher proportion of secretory protein pathway genes compared with all significantly upregulated genes uniquely expressed. A statistically significant pairwise comparison between BUL:UL is indicated by P < 0.0001. The bar plot represents the proportions as percentages, while the raw numbers are displayed inside the colored bars, with n indicating the total number. BUL, bioluminescent upper lip.