Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Characteristic | Participants (n = 141)/Percent |
|---|---|
| Age mean (SD) | |
| Years | 37.7 (8.1) |
| Racial Identity n (%) | |
| Black | 17 (12.2) |
| White | 114 (82.0) |
| Any Other Race | 4 (2.9) |
| Ethnicity n (%) | |
| Hispanic | 2 (1.5) |
| Non-Hispanic | 123 (89.8) |
| Gender n (%) | |
| Woman | 58 (42.3) |
| Man | 75 (54.7) |
| Gender diverse | 3 (2.2) |
| Prefer not to say | 1 (0.7) |
| Bodily pain n (%) | |
| No pain (in past 4 weeks) | 12 (8.6) |
| Single-site pain | 10 (7.1) |
| Multi-site pain (2 to 3 sites) | 38 (26.9) |
| Multi-site pain (≥ 4 sites) | 64 (45.4) |
| Fibromyalgia (ACRFMS ≥ 13) | 49 (35.0) |
| ACRFMS score mean (SD) | |
| ACRFMS total | 11.3 (6.6) |
| OUD severity mean (SD) | |
| DSM-5 criteria | 9.8 (1.9) |
| Age of first opioid use mean (SD) | |
| Years | 23.7 (9.3) |
| Route of opioid administration n (%) | |
| Intravenous | 117 (84.2) |
| Intramuscular or subcutaneous | 12 (8.5) |
| Smoking | 68 (48.9) |
| Snorting / sniffing up the nose | 37 (26.2) |
| Swallowing by mouth | 12 (8.6) |
| Another Route | 2 (1.4) |
| Cost of DAILY OPIOID USE mean (SD) | |
| USD ($) | 105.5 (113.4) |
Note: SD = standard deviation; OUD = opioid use disorder; ACRFMS = American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia Survey; USD = United States dollar.