Table 2.
Comparison of participants with and without fibromyalgia
| Characteristic | Fibromyalgia (n = 49) | No Fibromyalgia (n = 90) |
|---|---|---|
| Age mean (SD) | 37.9 (8.5) | 37.5 (7.9) |
| Racial identity n (%) | ||
| Black | 5 (10.2) | 12 (13.3) |
| White | 40 (81.6) | 74 (82.2) |
| Any Other Race | 1 (2.0) | 3 (3.33) |
| Ethnicity n (%) | ||
| Hispanic | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.1) |
| Non-Hispanic | 42 (85.7) | 81 (91.0) |
| Gender n (%) | ||
| Woman | 19 (39.6) | 39 (43.8) |
| Man | 26 (54.2) | 49 (55.1) |
| Gender diverse | 2 (4.2) | 1 (1.1) |
| Prefer not to say | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) |
| Route of opioid administration n (%) | ||
| Intravenous | 42 (85.7) | 75 (83.3) |
| Intramuscular or subcutaneous | 5 (10.2) | 7 (7.8) |
| Smoking | 27 (55.1) | 41 (45.6) |
| Snorting / sniffing up the nose | 16 (32.7) | 21 (23.3) |
| Swallowing by mouth | 6 (12.2) | 6 (6.7) |
| Another Route | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.1) |
| ACRFMS total mean (SD) | 18.3 (5.5) | 7.5 (3.0) |
| * Pain Severity median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) |
| ** Prior Pain-Related Relapse median (IQR) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) |
Note: SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; ACRFMS = American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia Survey. * Participants were asked ‘How much bodily pain have you had during the past 4 weeks?’ Responses were 1 = none, 2 = very mild, 3 = mild, 4 = moderate, 5 = severe, 6 = very severe. ** Participants were asked ‘Please indicate whether you strongly agree, agree, feel neutral, disagree, or strongly disagree with the statement: I have tried to stop using opioids before, but pain caused me to relapse’. Responses were 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, neutral (3), agree (4) or strongly agree (5).