Fig. 11.

Oral VCE-004.8 upregulates CAV1 expression in vivo. A Overview of laser capture microdissection. Representative images vessel marked with αSMA in gastrocnemius before (left) and after (right) laser dissection indicated by red asterisk. Scale bar equivalent to 50 μm. B Heatmap showing the expression levels for the resulting list of 11 proteins. Color indicates the mean of scaled regularized log transformed expression values. Red square indicates CAV1. C Representatives images of double immunostaining of CAV1(red) and CD31 (green) in gastrocnemius 10 days after ischemia (left) and the CAV1 staining quantification (right). Scale bar equivalent to 50 μm. The significance was determined non-parametric followed by a Kruskal–Wallis test. In both quantification, values are mean ± SEM, (n = 3). P values indicated in panels, significant as *p < 0.05. D Expression of Cav1 mRNA. The data passed the normality test performed by the Shapiro–Wilk test. P value is calculated using 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc multiple comparisons to compare between the groups test (n = 3 animals per group). The results are shown as mean ± SEM. Values indicated in panels, significant as *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. E Representative immunofluorescence staining of CAV1 in cross-section of healthy and disease human arteries. Scale bar equivalent to 50 μm