Fig. 6.

VCE-004.8 induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo A Representative images of aortic ring assay. Red arrows indicate sprouts, and red lines delimit sprouting area. The scales are indicated in the images. B Macroscopic (top) (scale bar equivalent to 1 mm) and confocal images of immunofluorescence staining of Matrigel sections of double immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA (green)/CD31 (red), CD31 (green)/Ki67(red), B55α (green)/CD31(red). Scale bars equivalent to 50 μm for confocal images. For α-SMA staining quantification, the data passed the normality test performed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. P value is calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test compare between the groups (n = 3). For CD31 staining quantification, the significance was determined non-parametric followed by a Kruskal–Wallis test (n = 3). Double staining CD31/Ki67 was used to quantify vascular endothelial cells proliferation per area (CD31⁺/Ki67⁺ cells). The significance was determined non-parametric followed by a Kruskal–Wallis test (n = 3). The results are shown as mean ± SEM. P values indicated in panels, significant as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001