Table 1.

Main characteristics of reported cases of ASIA syndrome in different countries.

Author and year	Triggering event	Country	Clinical findings
André D, 2022 (7)	Exposure to silicone used in mammoplasty.	Madeira Island, Portugal	Two distinct histological patterns are described in ASIA patients, resulting from silicone exposure. Additionally, there is a noted risk for the development of undifferentiated connective tissue disease, with a close association to autoimmune conditions.
Moreno S, 2023 (5)	Silicone breast implants	México	The patient developed acquired hemophilia type A, documented by the presence of autoantibodies against factor VIII. She also exhibited systemic symptoms such as spontaneous bruising, intermittent knee pain, myalgias, and grade IV capsular contracture in the right breast. Following diagnosis, implant removal was performed, leading to symptom control.
Flores Padilla G, 2014 (8)	Injection of oily material in the buttocks.	México	The patient developed symmetric additive polyarthritis, upper and lower airway involvement, and foreign body granulomas. The diagnosis was adjuvant-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome (ASIA) with atypical pulmonary and joint manifestations.
Maldonado G, 2021 (9)	Silicone breast implants	Ecuador.	The patient presented with polyarthralgia, positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anticentromere antibodies, and moderate positivity for Sclero-70 antibodies. These findings were consistent with ASIA syndrome related to silicone incompatibility. The patient continued to experience Raynaud's phenomenon despite the removal of the breast implants.
Barilaro G, 2016 (10)	Multiple liquid silicone injections.	Italy	The patient developed ASIA syndrome, calcinosis cutis, hypercalcemia, and chronic kidney disease following liquid silicone injections. Symptoms included fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, and extensive subcutaneous calcifications. The patient also presented ulcers at the injection sites, and renal biopsy revealed severe sclerosis and glomerular damage.