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. 2024 Oct 23;11:1473196. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1473196

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Copyright © 2024 Li, Gong, Du, Li, He, Yao and Bai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) A threshold, a non-linear association between the serum vitamin B12 (pg/mL) and serum α-Klotho (pg/mL) levels was observed in the unadjusted model (A,C) (p < 0.001, 0.0023) and adjusted model (B,D) (p < 0.001, <0.001), in a generalized additive model. In graphs (A,B), the red and blue lines represent the smoothed curve fits between the variables and their 95% confidence intervals, respectively. All adjusted for Age; Race/Hispanic origin; Alcohol use; Smoking status; Sleep disorder; Hypertension; Diabetes; Weak kidneys; Asthma; Congestive heart failure; Coronary heart disease; COPD; Thyroid problem; Liver condition; Stroke; Gout; Cancer or Malignancy; BMI; 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; HDL; Triglyceride; Glucose; HbA1c; Serum urate; eGFR; AST; ALT.