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Possible mechanisms for the relationship between vitamin B12 and α-Klotho. ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; B12, Vitamin B12; Hcy, homocysteinemia; NOS, oxide synthase; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; ROS, reactive oxygen species. ↑: enhancement; ↓: suppression; ×: block (This figure was drawn by Figdraw.com).
