Table 1:
Overview of the biomarker studies reviewed in this work
| Number of studies | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma or CSF |
Cognitive | Neuroimaging | Genetics | |
| Latin America | ||||
| Argentina | 7 | 3 | 11 | 9 |
| Brazil | 6 | 2 | 27 | 60 |
| Mexico | 5 | 2 | 1 | 17 |
| Chile | 2 | 2 | ⋅⋅ | 5 |
| Bolivia | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Peru | 1 | 2 | ⋅⋅ | 1 |
| Colombia | 1 | 1 | 16 | 23 |
| Panama | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 1 |
| Venezuela | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 3 |
| Multiple countries in the Caribbean | 1 | ⋅⋅ | 1 | 25 |
| Ecuador | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 4 |
| Costa Rica | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 1 |
| Total Latin America | 24 | 10* | 58† | 149 |
| Africa | ||||
| Nigeria | ⋅⋅ | 4 | 2 | 4 |
| Tunisia | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 4 |
| Morocco | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 2 |
| South Africa | ⋅⋅ | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Uganda | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 1 | ⋅⋅ |
| Tanzania | ⋅⋅ | 9 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Kenya | ⋅⋅ | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Republic of the Congo | ⋅⋅ | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Ghana | ⋅⋅ | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Cameroon | ⋅⋅ | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Zambia | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 1 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Total Africa | 2 | 18* | 4 | 12 |
| South-East Asia | ||||
| India | 13 | 3 | 14 | 17 |
| China | 28 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| Taiwan | 10 | ⋅⋅ | 4 | ⋅⋅ |
| Thailand | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| South Korea | 8 | 3 | 23 | 7 |
| Singapore | 10 | 3 | 7 | 3 |
| Indonesia | ⋅⋅ | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Philippines | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ |
| Malaysia | ⋅⋅ | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Sri Lanka | 1 | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 1 |
| Multiple countries | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | ⋅⋅ | 5 |
| Total South-East Asia | 72 | 15 | 52 | 48 |
CSF=cerebrospinal fluid. *Some studies included multiple countries. †In two studies from the Latin American Consortium, individual countries were not described.